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Two Types of Cell Transport

Two Types of Cell Transport. Passive Transport: Movement across the cell membrane (in and out of the cell) that does NOT require energy Active Transport: Movement across the cell membrane that NEEDS ENERGY. FROM WHERE?!?. Mitochondria. Place where cell converts food to energy

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Two Types of Cell Transport

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  1. Two Types of Cell Transport • Passive Transport: • Movement across the cell membrane (in and out of the cell) that does NOT require energy • Active Transport: • Movement across the cell membrane that NEEDS ENERGY FROM WHERE?!?

  2. Mitochondria • Place where cell converts food to energy • Harvests energy to make ATP

  3. Site of Cellular Respiration sugar + O2 ATP energy + CO2 + H2O + Heat Storage form of energy used by a cell to do “work” -12 to 1000 mitochondria per cell -plant cells have less than animal cells. Why? -less active -require less energy -Which cells in our body would have the most mitochondria? -muscle cells ~ very active

  4. Active Transport • -Movement across the cell membrane that NEEDS ENERGY • Examples: • 1. Membrane Associated Pumps (MAPs) • 2.Endocytosis • 3. Exocytosis

  5. 1. MAPs ~ Membrane Associated Pumps -energy driven protein motors that move specific types of solutes across the cell membrane AGAINST the concentration gradient -from a low into a high concentration High Low -in order for the cell to expend energy to move items across there must be a “real” need or items must be really toxic

  6. 1. MAPs ~ Membrane Associated Pumps • 2 Types: • Calcium Pump • Sodium-Potassium Pump • Calcium (Ca++)…Sodium (Na+)…Potassium(K+) • The only items the CELL WILL PUMP

  7. Sodium (Na+) – Potassium (K+) Pump Sodium (Na+) out of the cell, Potassium (K+) into the cell

  8. Sodium (Na+) – Potassium (K+) Pump Cytolysis • WHY?!? • Too much Na+ inside = toxic • If increase salt (NaCl) inside cell (making outside environment Hypotonic), increase the water taken in and cell could burst!!! • So, cells pump out Na+ • Muscles require (REALLY NEED) a lot of K+ so they “hoard” it • So, muscles cells pump in K+

  9. Bones and teeth require a lot of calcium to remain strong. Therefore they must “hoard” large amounts of calcium. Calcium must move from a low concentration in our blood into a high concentration in the cells of both the teeth and the bones. H L H

  10. Membrane Associated Pumps LINK!!

  11. Endocytosis Link!!!! Endo = IN Cyto = CELL Cell membrane surrounds and engulfs items taking them into the cell.

  12. Three Types of Endocytosis 1. Phagocytosis: “Cell Eating” • Cell surrounds and engulfs solid items…bringing them into the cell • Examples: Ameoba and White Blood Cells

  13. Three Types of Endocytosis 2. Pinocytosis: “Cell Drinking” • Cell surrounds and engulfs substances dissolved in water…bringing them into the cell

  14. Three Types of Endocytosis 3. Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis: • Hormones, vitamins, and minerals attach to specific receptor proteins…once attached, the membrane pinches together…bringing them into the cell

  15. Exocytosis: Link!!! Exo = OUT Cyto= CELL -Cell membrane opens up and forces items out of the cell. Examples: in Protists Contractile Vacuoles Anal pores

  16. 2. Types of Exocytosis: • Excretion: • -waste is forced out of the cell • -Ex: mucus, sweat, tears….. 2. Secretion: -items made by the cell and needed in other places are forced out of the cell -Ex: hormones, digestive enzymes, saliva

  17. Protists & Cell Transport • Passive Transport: • Protists MUST maintain osmotic balance • Contractile Vacuole…excess water collects here…once it swells…the contents are discharged • Gas Exchange: Oxygen diffuses in…Carbon Dioxide diffuses out Paramecium

  18. Here’s Where Cell Transport Steps In • Active Transport: • Captures prey • Cytoplasm surrounds the prey to engulf it…ENDOCYTOSIS…specifically Phagocytosis • Forms a Food Vacuole where digestive enzymes break the food down Amoeba

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