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THE FUR TRADE: ALL HAIL THE MIGHTY BEAVER (Module 1 Section II #1)

THE FUR TRADE: ALL HAIL THE MIGHTY BEAVER (Module 1 Section II #1). TYPES OF COLONY. Fur Trading Colony ($$$$$) Settlement Colony (build society similar to Mother Country, i.e. France). MERCANTILISM. Economic policy during 17 th & 18 th Centuries.

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THE FUR TRADE: ALL HAIL THE MIGHTY BEAVER (Module 1 Section II #1)

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  1. THE FUR TRADE: ALL HAIL THE MIGHTY BEAVER(Module 1 Section II #1)

  2. TYPES OF COLONY • Fur Trading Colony ($$$$$) • Settlement Colony (build society similar to Mother Country, i.e. France)

  3. MERCANTILISM • Economic policy during 17th & 18th Centuries. • Country’s wealth and power dictated by accumulation of gold, silver, and riches. • To acquire wealth, country needed to export more than they import (i.e. sell more goods than it purchased). • Mother Country (e.g. France) would use their colonies (e.g. New France) by exploiting their raw materials, manufacturing finished goods, selling the finished goods on international markets; including their own colonies!

  4. COMPANIES • Companies obtained charter from King to hold and control trading monopoly in fur trade. • In return, companies promised to populate their respective areas. • Companies also governed the colony. • 1627 – The Company of One Hundred Associates was created.

  5. TERRITORIAL EXPANSION DUE TO THE FUR TRADE (p.17 Nutshell) • Demand for fur pelts increased and sources known to French (e.g. St. Lawrence Valley) were depleting. • New territory needed to be explored and claimed. -1634, Nicolet, explored Lakes Huron & Michigan. -1671, Saint-Lusson, expl. Lake Superior. -1671-2, Saint-Simon / Albanel, expl. Saguenay to James Bay. -1673, Joliet / Marquette, expl. Mississippi Valley to the Arkansas River. -1682, LaSalle, expl. Mississippi River to its mouth in Louisiana. -1742-3, LaVerendrye, expl. Interior Plains to the Rocky Mtns.

  6. FUR TRADE ALLIANCES • French aligned themselves with Algonquin Nations. • Iroquois (enemies to Algonquin) allied themselves with Dutch and English. • Many battles between Algonquin and Iroquois over territory for fur. • Iroquois destroyed Huron Nation. Birth of coureurs de bois to explore and do work of acquiring fur pelts done by Hurons.

  7. CHAIN OF PRODUCTION IN FUR TRADE 1) Natives: Hunted & trapped animals for fur. 2) Coureurs de bois: French settlers traveled territory to purchase fur pelts from Natives. Lived with natives learning way of life (language) and survival. 3) Voyageurs: Replaced coureurs de bois in 1700. Paddled canoes with furs from West to posts in Montreal and Quebec. Many employed by merchants/traders. 4) Traders: Merchants who financed the expeditions. Acquired permits to do business. 5) Company: Controlled fur trade and governed colony. Traders sold furs to company who shipped them to France. 6) Furs: returned to France where they were made into manufactured goods and sold on markets.

  8. RESULTS OF THE FUR TRADE IN NEW FRANCE • Territorial growth (demands of the fur trade and missionary work led to exploration of new territory – New France extended from the Atlantic to the Prairies, and from Hudson Bay to the Gulf of Mexico) • Alliances with Natives (French allied themselves with the Hurons and Algonquians. The Dutch and English allied themselves with the Iroquois. Many battles ensued) • French encircled English colony (French territorial expansion blocked English from going westward to find fur rich areas. English felt threatened and many battles ensued leading to English conquest in 1760)

  9. Mutual Benefits from Interaction • The meeting of two cultures had both positive and negative results. Positives included the exchange of ideas, objects and ways of doing things. Unfortunately, over time, the Natives got the raw deal resulting in a breakdown of their society. The Europeans • Acquired Native customs and were taught how to survive in the North American wilderness. • Learned how to make winter clothing from furs and moccasins from leather; how to use canoes, snowshoes, and toboggans to travel; how to preserve food and how to use plants for medicinal purposes (e.g. cure scurvy). • Learned of new foods such as corn, pumpkins, and maple syrup.

  10. Mutual Benefits from Interactioncont’d The Natives (Positive Influences) • Learned of new foods such as bread, peas, and salt. • Introduced to woolen cloth and blankets. • Introduced to iron tools and weapons.

  11. Mutual Benefits from Interactioncont’d The Natives (Negative Influences) • Use of alcohol, unknown to the Natives before the arrival of the Europeans, had disastrous repercussions on Native society.  • European diseases (smallpox, measles, influenza) killed thousands of Native people.  • Fur trade conditioned European-Indian relations along antagonistic lines and changed the Native way of life.  • Religious orders, such as the Jesuits, tried to impose Christianity on the Native populations.

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