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Nicolas Hoepffner Global Environment Monitoring Unit

Ecosystem Monitoring in the Black Sea. Nicolas Hoepffner Global Environment Monitoring Unit. Monitoring and Assessment of Coastal & Marine Environments (ECOMAR).

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Nicolas Hoepffner Global Environment Monitoring Unit

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  1. Ecosystem Monitoring in the Black Sea Nicolas Hoepffner Global Environment Monitoring Unit JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06

  2. Monitoring and Assessment of Coastal & Marine Environments (ECOMAR) ECOMAR provides a pan-European scientific and technical support in the definition, implementation and monitoring of EU policies and Directives related to the coastal and marine environment. • EU Policy Context: • European Marine Strategy • Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) • Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) • Maritime Policy • Regional Marine Conventions (HELCOM, Black Sea Comm., OSPARCOM) • European Environmental Agency (EEA) JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06

  3. Development, processing and validation of Earth Observation data (optical and thermal sensors) Regional Seas numerical modeling, ecosystem assessment Data integration and development of environmental indicators ECOMAR scientific and technical studies JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06

  4. Visible Spectral Radiometry from Satellite (Ocean Colour) MODIS Terra May 10, 2002 MODIS Aqua Sept. 15, 2004 Phytoplankton blooms and Coccolithophores in the Black Sea JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06

  5. 412nm 443nm 490nm 510nm 555nm 670nm 03/2001 Ocean Colour Data Analysis Emerging spectral light – 412-670nm Correction for the Atmosphere effect Apply in-water algorithm Restitution of geophysical products Data Collection and merging orbital scenes JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06

  6. JRC-IES Ocean Colour Data Archive • Coverage: global and European Seas • Period: Oct. 1997 to March 2006 • Sensor used: SeaWiFS (Oct.97 to Dec. 2004) and MODIS-Aqua (Jun 2002 to present) • Spatial resolution: 2 km • Archived products • Water leaving radiances at various wavelengths • light attenuation coefficient (transparency, turbidity) • water particle loads (chlorophyll concentration, Total suspended matter) http://marine.jrc.cec.eu.int/ JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06

  7. Black Sea Chlorophyll Distribution Daily Scene 8-days composites SeaWiFS MODIS monthly composites http://marine.jrc.cec.eu.int/ JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06

  8. Black Sea : Light attenuation coefficient Jan Mar Nov Satellite retrieval Water transparency Index JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06

  9. Ocean Colour Cal/Val activities Measurement campaigns in the North Adriatic (1995-present) • Advanced methods for the absolute calibration of marine instruments • Autonomous systems for continuous validation of primary remote sensing optical products • Assessment of ocean color primary products from most relevant space sensors (official calibration site for NASA and ESA) SeaWiFS MODIS MERIS http://www.esa.int/esaLP/LPcampaigns.html JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06

  10. Ocean Colour Cal/Val activities Cruise campaigns over Europe • North Adriatic , July 2000 - JRC - • Baltic Sea (Baltic proper) , May 2004 - JRC/ IOPAS • English Channel , June 2004, - JRC/ Univ. Littoral • Baltic Sea (Baltic proper) , Sept. 2004 - JRC/IOPAS • Baltic Sea (Baltic proper) , April 2005 - JRC/IOPAS • Black Sea (western), June 2006 - JRC/IOBAS • Baltic Sea (Gulf of Finland), Aug. 2006 - JRC/FIMR • Eastern Mediterranean, Sept. 2006 - JRC/CNR-ISAC JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06

  11. Spectral irradiance model surface light(l) Optical model underwater light(l,z) From Ocean Colour to Marine Productivity Water-column biomass distribution (z) JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06

  12. International Productivity Algorithms Comparative Experiment. PPARR 3 (part 3) 17 models , and ~ 900 quality-controlled C14 measurements of primary production, spanning more than a decade (1983-1996; ClimPP) in the Tropical Pacific. JRC model showed the lowest total rms error (0.231) on PP log-difference, as well as the lowest centered pattern rms (0.227) which is an indication of the model performance to detect the variability in the dataset. JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06

  13. Feb Apr Jul Nov Aug. 98 Aug. 01 Aug. 03 Black Sea Marine Productivity Seasonal Variations PP ~ 1 gC.m-2.d-1 Inter-annual variability open sea coastal + - JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06

  14. Combining Satellite data (and/or in situ data) with modelling to derive Ecological Indicators applicable to all European Seas (large scale) and comparable for dife ferent region Modelling and Indicator development Conceptual Model for Eutrophication Risk Assessment • Physical Sensitive Area Index (PSA) • Oxygen Depletion Risk Index (Oxyrisk) JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06

  15. Eutrophication Risk Assessment: Black Sea (Sept. 2002) mixed layer depth Sea surface temp. chlorophyll Oxyrisk PSA Index JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06

  16. Eutrophication Risk Assessment: Black Sea (Oct. 2002) mixed layer depth Sea surface temp. chlorophyll PSA Index Oxyrisk JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06

  17. Eutrophication Risk Assessment: European Coastal Zone Feb. 2003 Aug. 2003 Oxygen depletion risk index to support the evaluation of the impact of high nutrient inputs (e.g. resulting from agriculture and urbanization) into coastal waters. Index represents high (high value=red) / low (low values = blue) risk to hypoxia and anoxia JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06

  18. through satellite data analysis and modelling, ECOMAR can provide reliable and comparable information on the marine ecosystem status from regional to European scale These information constitute a basis for an environmental tool for policy managers, e.g. in the context of the EU Marine Strategy and up-coming Maritime Policy Investigate ecosystem response to anthropogenic pressures Identify critical / vulnerable European marine areas Assess climate change impacts Activity is optimized through direct collaboration and networking with European Environment Agency (EEA) Regional Marine Conventions and Programmes Referenced research bodies in EU Member and Accession states through e.g. Partnerships in EU-funded projects (e.g. SeaDataNet, SPICOSA) FP7, toward an operational monitoring of European regional Seas following a coherent and harmonized methodology (Policy Theme 2 “Solidarity and the responsible management of resources “ ; Agenda 2.2 ‘ Natural Resources’) Concluding Notes JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06

  19. EMIS- European Marine Information System • Web based marine GIS • Physical and Biological Marine variables (SST, Chl-a, PP, tmx, smx, etc.) • Eutrophication risk indicators (Oxyrisk & PSA) • Navigate and browse European wide and predefined regions maps (pan, zoom) • Query maps - extract numerical values and compute statistics - by point or by area (mean, max, min, std, time-series, climatologies) • Save maps and statistics (graphs) in png, pdf and ascii JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06

  20. Numerical Model General Estuarine Transport Model / GETM JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06

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