The Enlightenment Thinkers

1. The Enlightenment Thinkers Fill in your chart with these facts as we go through the notes.

2. Basics Vocab • Natural Rights • Rights that all humans are given at birth • Separation of Powers • The idea that governments should have more than one person in charge to make sure things are equal. • Philosopher-King • Plato’s idea of the perfect ruler who would be trained and educated in Philosophy before becoming a king.

3. Quick Review • What is the difference between an absolute monarch and a limited monarch? • What is the difference between a direct democracy and an indirect democracy (also called a representative democracy)?

4. Aristotle

5. Add to your Basics Vocab • Aristotle – Greek philosopher who argued that democracy was the least dangerous form of government (if everyone was educated and power was held by the middle class) • His second preferred type of government was a king guided by a group of philosophers.

6. Aristotle

7. Queen Elizabeth I

8. Basics Vocab • Queen Elizabeth I – 16th century monarch who believed monarchs should be thought of as a parent of their people, and have nearly absolute control.

9. Queen Elizabeth I

10. Thomas Hobbes

11. Add to your Basics Vocab… • Thomas Hobbes – 17th century enlightenment thinker who believed that absolute monarchs helped to control chaos in a society

12. Thomas Hobbes

13. John Locke

14. Add to Basics Vocab • John Locke – 17th century enlightenment thinker who believed that when people are born “good” and all deserve natural rights. • When people are denied their natural rights, “life, liberty, and property”, people have the right to overthrow the government.

15. John Locke

16. King Louis XIV

17. Basics Vocab • King Louis XIV – 18th century king of France who believed that he received his authority by Divine Right and was only answerable to God.

18. King Louis XIV

19. Baron de Montesquieu

20. Basics Vocab • Baron de Montesquieu – 18th century enlightenment philosopher who believed that government power should be separated (to create equality) and overall controlled by a limited monarch.

21. Baron de Montesquieu

22. Plato

23. Basics Vocab • Plato – Greek philosopher who argued that government leaders should be chosen by their strengths and talents, not their family line or money.

24. Plato

25. Jean Jacques Rousseau

26. Basics Vocab • Jean Jacques Rousseau – 18th century enlightenment philosopher who believed that direct democracy was possible because all people are naturally good, and will do what is best for their country.

27. Jean Jacques Rousseau

28. Mary Wollstonecraft

29. Basics Vocab • Mary Wollstonecraft – 19th century feminist who argued that women should be equal to men in education, business, and government. • She wanted women to be equal NOT above the men.

30. Mary Wollstonecraft

31. James Madison

32. James Madison

33. Thomas Jefferson

34. Thomas Jefferson

35. Answer these in your notes • Of the philosophers whose ideas did you like the best? Why? • Whose ideas did you like the least? Why? • Which of the thinkers’ ideas have been the most influential in the modern development of democracy?

36. Draw this chart on the bottom of your notes or on a new sheet of paperTitle: Press Conference Matrix Where do you think the ELEVEN Philosophers line up on the chart of Democracy? Autocracy Democracy

37. —Press Conference Matrix Where do you think the ELEVEN Philosophers line up on the chart of Democracy? Autocracy Democracy Madison Wollstonecraft John Locke King Louis XIV Queen Elizabeth I Plato Aristotle Montesquieu Rousseau Thomas Hobbes Jefferson