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Topics. What are computers? A little bit of history Computer basics. What is a Computer?. What is your definition? The most important thing to remember is that a computer is a machine that follows directions. In the case of programming, the machine is following your directions exactly

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  1. Topics • What are computers? • A little bit of history • Computer basics Bilgisayar Kullanımı I

  2. What is a Computer? • What is your definition? • The most important thing to remember is that a computer is a machine that follows directions. In the case of programming, the machine is following your directions exactly • You need to be very specific about what you want the computer to do Bilgisayar Kullanımı I

  3. History • First electronic digital computer • Late 1930’s at Iowa State • Dr. John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry • Mathematical computations for nuclear physics • First large-scale, general purpose computer • ENIAC in 1946 at U. Penn. for US Army • J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchley • Weighed 30 tons and occupied 1500 sq. ft. • Cost $500,000 to develop and build • Used for calculating ballistics tables, predicting weather and making atomic energy calculations Bilgisayar Kullanımı I

  4. Picture of ENIAC Bilgisayar Kullanımı I

  5. Von Neumann Architecture • Dr. John von Neumann proposed the concept of a stored-program computer • In ENIAC data is stored in memory, so why not a program • The von Neumann architecture is the basis of the digital computers we know today Bilgisayar Kullanımı I

  6. Today • Most of us use microcomputers • First developed in 70’s • Small processor • Mac’s and PC’s are examples Bilgisayar Kullanımı I

  7. Hardware • Physical components of a computer • Central Processing Unit (CPU) • Main Memory (RAM) • Secondary Storage • Input Devices • Output Devices • Let’s look at each of these in detail Bilgisayar Kullanımı I

  8. CPU • A CPU • Fetches instructions • Follows instructions • Produces results • A CPU consists of • Control unit: coordinates computer operations • ALU: performs arithmetic operations Bilgisayar Kullanımı I

  9. Memory Address Contents 0 -27.2 -Memory is a sequence of storage cells -Memory cells are 1 byte in size -Bytes are groups of bits (8 usually) -Bits are 0 or 1 -Each memory cell has unique address -Contents can be data or instruction -Everything stored as strings of 0s & 1s -RAM is volatile 1 354 2 0.05 3 -26 H 4 400 5 6 RTV 001 7 ADD 003 STO 005 8 X 9 1005 10 Bilgisayar Kullanımı I

  10. Secondary Storage • Not volatile • Disk drives • Hard disks • Floppy disks • Zip disks • Optical drives • CDs • DVDs Bilgisayar Kullanımı I

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