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Chapter 17 Section 1

Chapter 17 Section 1. Mobilizing for Defense. Selective Service & the GI. GI: Government Issue stamped on everything 5M Eager recruits wanted to be heroes Draft provides 10M more 8 weeks basic training Bulk of armed forces were white males who were drafted/volunteered.

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Chapter 17 Section 1

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  1. Chapter 17 Section 1 Mobilizing for Defense

  2. Selective Service & the GI • GI: Government Issue stamped on everything • 5M Eager recruits wanted to be heroes • Draft provides 10M more • 8 weeks basic training • Bulk of armed forces were white males who were drafted/volunteered

  3. Expanding the Military / Women • Marshall (Army Chief of Staff General) pushed for WAAC/ WAC or Women’s Auxiliary Army Corp because of personnel shortages • Official status & salary • Nurses, ambulance drivers, radio operators, electricians, pilots • No direct combat

  4. Expanding the Military • (WAVES): Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service in the Navy • (WASPS): Women Air Force Service Pilots

  5. Recruiting & DiscriminationMinorities • Why die for democracy abroad when we don’t have it here

  6. Mexican AmericansMinorities • 300,000 join armed forces • Suffered 1/5 of LA’s city’s wartime casualties • Fought in many crucial battles • Most enlisted in Army • Many participated in D-day • Multilingual/good interpreters

  7. African AmericansMinorities • 1 million served in military • Segregated units & limited to non-combat roles • Saw combat in April 1943 • 92 Infantry Division or Buffalo Soldiers in bloody Italian campaign of 1943-1944 • Tuskegee Airmen • Not allowed to join air force or marines

  8. African AmericansMinorities • Red Cross separated blood • Men shortages toward end of war integrated Af. Am soldiers

  9. Asian AmericansMinorities • 13000 Chinese joined armed forces • 33000 Japanese joined armed forces • Spies & interpreters in the Pacific • 442nd Regimental Combat Team in Italy & France became most decorated unit in the war • Internment camps in the United States

  10. Native AmericansMinorities • 25000 enlisted including 800 women • Navaho Code Talkers • Denied right to vote in 3 states

  11. Industrial ResponseManufacturing • Auto plants convert to tanks, planes, boats and command cars • Mechanical Pencil Plant makes bomb parts • Bedspread co. made mosquito netting • Kaiser and Liberty Ship (4 to 14 days) • Coca-Cola 5 cents available to every soldier

  12. Labor’s ContributionManufacturing • 18M workers working in defense plants • 6M were women • Women did great job & earn 60% of men • 2M minority workers • FDR passed nondiscrimination law in defense plants to keep Randolph & Af Am from marching on Washington

  13. HollywoodEntertainment Industry • War-oriented propaganda films • U.S. movies make Soviets heroes • Later produces escape films like musicals and romances

  14. ScientistsOffice of Scientific Research & Dev • FDR in 1941 created OSRD or Office of Scientific Research & Development spurred improvements in radar, sonar, pesticides, penicillin • Advisory Committee & Einstein give way to Manhattan Project & development of atom bomb

  15. Federal Government ControlOffice of Price Administration • Little production of consumer products which meant big demand and possible price increases • OPA or Office of Price Adm.: fought inflation by freezing prices on most goods • Fed gov. raises taxes / less to spend • Americans buy war bonds

  16. Federal Government ControlWar Production Board • WPB or War Production Board: who will make what, how many, by when & will get x amounts of material • Nationwide drives to recycle • Rationing or fixed allotment of goods • Coupon books for meat, sugar, coffee & gas • People do as asked for war effort

  17. Federal Government Control • Secretary of State Stimson & cost plus system: Government paid all development & production costs on anything a company made for the war • One-dollar a year men to decide on war contracts • Deficit spending

  18. Rationing • Run by OPA • Fixed allotment of goods • Coupon Books for meat, shoes, sugar, coffee & gas • Meets with large amount of acceptance but the black market did exist

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