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The Prokaryotes 11a: Archaea & Gram Positives

This article discusses the criteria used to classify and identify microorganisms based on their morphology, staining properties, biochemical tests, and nucleic acids. It also covers the American Type Culture Collection and the Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology.

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The Prokaryotes 11a: Archaea & Gram Positives

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  1. The Prokaryotes 11a: Archaea & Gram Positives

  2. Criteria for classification and identification of microorganisms morphology

  3. Criteria for classification and identification of microorganisms morphology Others: fragmentation, spores, etc.

  4. Criteria for classification and identification of microorganisms morphology

  5. Criteria for classification and identification of microorganisms morphology

  6. Criteria for classification and identification of microorganisms differential & special staining biochemical tests metabolism-based serology-based comparing nucleic acids rDNA (small subunit & large subunit) (phage typing)

  7. American Type Culture Collection (atcc.org)

  8. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology

  9. Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology

  10. Pyrodictium P: Crenarcheota Geogemma Ignicoccus

  11. Methanobacterium P: Euryarcheota Halobacterium Haloarcula Methanopyrus

  12. Korarcheota

  13. Recently discovered Phylum: Nanoarcheota: some of smallest cells known (“nano” = 1/billionth -> implies “very small” ) Species: Nanoarcheum equitans From the report in Nature (5/2/02): Found “on the surface of another Archaean called Ignicoccus (green), whose cells are about 2 millionths of a metre (2 m) across. Each cell sported 30 to 50 Nanoarcheota cells (red).” “The organisms are about 400 billionths of a metre (0.4 m) across - more than six million would fit on the head of a pin.”

  14. P: Firmicutes = low G+C Gram +s Clostridium & allies Clostridium botulinum Clostridium tetani Clostridium difficile Clostridium perfringens

  15. Veillonella P: Firmicutes = low G+C Gram +s Clostridium & allies Paramecium (larger than most human cells) Epulopiscium

  16. P: Firmicutes = low G+C Gram +s Mycoplasma pneumoniae, M. hominis, M. genitalium Ureaplasma sp.

  17. P: Firmicutes = low G+C Gram +s Bacillus anthracis PA = protective antigen EF = edema factor LF = lethal factor

  18. P: Firmicutes = low G+C Gram +s Bacilli B. megaterium B. stearo-thermophilus B. subtilis B. cereus B.c. var. mycoides B. thuringensis =“Bt”

  19. P: Firmicutes = low G+C Gram +s Bacilli Lactobacillus Streptococcus Hemolysis groups: a, b, g Lancefield groups Group A (GAS): S. pyogenes Group B (GBS): S. agalactiae Group D: Enterococci & others No Lancefield group: S. pneumoniae Viridans group: eg: S. mutans Lactococcus

  20. P: Firmicutes = low G+C Gram +s Bacilli Staphylococcus aureus S. epidermidis Listeria

  21. P: Actinobacteria = High G+C Gram +s Mycobacterium M. leprae M. tuberculosis M. avium-intracellulare

  22. P: Actinobacteria = High G+C Gram +s Gardnerella Corynebacterium Bifidobacterium Micrococcus Propionibacterium

  23. P: Actinobacteria = High G+C Gram +s Actinobacteria -> “actinomycetes” Nocardia Actinomyces Streptomyces

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