1 / 27

Housing Affordability: Institutions and Governance

Housing Affordability: Institutions and Governance. Housing policy Institutions: 4 levels Future challenges. Housing affordability. Why: what is the aim of a policy? What: what is meant by affordable? Who: who is responsible? How: what instruments to apply?

juanar
Download Presentation

Housing Affordability: Institutions and Governance

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Housing Affordability:Institutions and Governance Housing policy Institutions: 4 levels Future challenges

  2. Housing affordability • Why: what is the aim of a policy? • What: what is meant by affordable? • Who: who is responsible? • How: what instruments to apply? • My statement: thinking in 4 layers may support research that contributes to solutions for housing affordability problems

  3. Housing for households • A roof over the head • A home • An investment

  4. Housing for policy makers • Why is housing relevant: • Resilient cities: urban • Wellbeing: social • Economic growth: market

  5. Different stages in housing policiesEncyclopaedia of Housing & Home, 2012, Elsevier • (1950-1960’s): Modernisation: urban • Developing world: emphasis on urban planning/slumclearing, • Europe: emphasis on solving housing shortage after WOII • (1970-1980’s): Structuralism: wellbeing • Developing world: welfare and support self-help, • Europe: housing as part of welfare states • Since 1990’s: Neoliberalism: market • Developing world: marketisation, formalisation • Europe: marketisation, privatisation, deregulation • Next?

  6. Instrument in the neoliberal phase: less red, more green Government as facilitator for the market • Public housing at below market price • Subsidies (lump sum, yearly, tax-reduction), land, loans, bricks: • For developers/landlords • For people • Regulation: • Price, Quality, • Energy efficiency, transparency

  7. Actors in the neoliberal phase: less red, more green Government Others (and government) • Non profit initiatives (cooperatives), PPP • Impact investments: social return on investment • Informal housing solutions

  8. Housing Affordability:Institutions and Governance Housing policy Institutions: 4 levels Future challenges

  9. lnstitutions Informal institutions: Level One Market creates welfare Social policy based on needs Formal institutions: Level Two Property rights, tax, subsidies, regulations 1 st - Governance: Public private partnerships Level Three 2 nd - Resource allocation: Demand and supply Level Four . d - 3r Institutional layer model; Williamson 2000, my interpretation

  10. Emphasis on how level 2 en 3 can facilitate level 4 Discourse in housing policy and housing policy institutions How to make the market work In reality there is a huge challenge in our urbanising world Large part of housing solutions is beyond the scope of policy makers and beyond statistics Key issues what happens in reality on level 4? Time for a critical review of implicit value at level 1?

  11. Level 4: allocation in reality • Who are the providers on the ground? How about affordability? • What are innovations on the supply side: • New design • New technology • New planning • New financial arrangements • New types of investment • What are the informal solutions of households?

  12. Basic need • Informal solutions: • 1.4 people billion by 2020 (UN-Habitat); 30-50% of the population in urban areas • Family help: multigenerational living

  13. I

  14. Research Questions • How does it really work in practice? • Housing outcomes are determined by other developments/policies • Ongoing: • Options to turn empty buildings to affordable housing in the Netherlands, Marjolein Overtoom • What are stakeholder interests in urban renewal in China, Toazhi Zhuang • Invasion of student housing and airbnb and the impact on affordable housing, master-projects

  15. Level 3: play of the game Who are the actors and how do they deal with the rules

  16. I • Affordable • Income/price: • Quote expense/income • Residual income

  17. The changing role of governments, (Van der Steen, 2015) Results Financial incentives Green deals Government Society Building codes Green bonds Conditions

  18. Research Questions • Governance of affordable housing: what works given the context? • How is the interaction between formal and informal institutions • Low income condominiums in Quito and Ecuador; housing as common pool resource, Rosa Donoso • Family strategies towards home ownership, Wenjing Deng • Evaluate different models and how they work out in practice • RESHAPE: rethinking social housing, many… • New options for hybrid rental models in China, Juan Yan • New options for hybrid rental models in South Korea, Kyungho Choe • Alternative models for housing maintenance in Ghana, Samson Aziabah

  19. Level 2: Formal institutions for affordable housing • The effect of policy instruments for affordable housing: subsidies, regulation: many ws in this conference • TENLAW-project, FP7 • Pilot project on homelessness • Instruments to encourage private renting, Steunpunt Wonen Vlaanderen, cooperation with Cambridge University • Towards cost effective housing policies, Steunpunt Wonen Vlaanderen • Towards new housing subsidies, Steunpunt Wonen Vlaanderen

  20. Level 1: Informal institutions • What is fair and what is welfare about? • Needs versus capabilities • Sen and Nussbaum on capabilities

  21. Towards a Practic Basic Needs Approach versus Capabilities Approach, Owlocation, 2017

  22. Research questions • Does the capabilities approach provide perspective for housing and other fields of welfare, H2020-project RE-InVEST • Current social policy disempowers people • Participative approach with tenants and professionals: • http://www.re-invest.eu/ Other work: • Comparing formal and informal housing strategies in Asian cities (capabilities approach), Boram Kim • Project for Delft Design for Value: housing and philosophy

  23. Housing Affordability:Institutions and Governance Housing policy Institutions: 4 levels Future challenges

  24. Housing Institutions and Governance: New challenges • Housing = access to the city, inclusive and resilient cities/societies • Need for investment in affordable and sustainable new and existing dwellings means addressing: • Individual households: home owners, tenants • Landlords: social or commercial • Developers • Lenders • Investors

  25. lnstitutions Informal institutions: Level One Market creates welfare Needs vs capabilities Formal institutions: Level Two Property rights, tax, subsidies, regulations 1 st - Governance: Public private partnerships, role of informal housing Level Three 2 nd - Resource allocation: Demand and supply Level Four . d - 3r Institutional layer model; Williamson 2000, my interpretation

  26. Housing Institutions and Governance: New challenges • Williamson vs Ostrom (Nobel price 2009 together): “…a boost for the behaviourally founded, evolutionary–institutional approach…” Earl and Potts (2011) cited by Donoso, 2017 • Redefine what is housing affordability and what is welfare/fair: can capabilities approach work for housing? • Create knowledge to feed policies: • What works and what not? • Global North and Global South can learn from each other • Next:adequate housing makes societies work?

  27. Housing Affordability:Institutions and Governance • M.g.elsinga@tudelft.nl • https://www.tudelft.nl/bk/over-faculteit/hoogleraren/profdrir-mg-elsinga/

More Related