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Tour of the Cell

Delve into the world of cells, from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, with notable figures in cell discovery like Leuwenhoek and Hooke. Learn about the cell theory, cell structures, organelles, and the unique properties of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Discover the role of plasma and cell membranes, DNA, ribosomes, the nucleus, and organelles in cellular functions. Explore the differences between animal and plant cells, with a focus on chloroplasts and cell walls. Uncover the fascinating diversity and specialization of cells, from stem cells to cell communication and structure formation.

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Tour of the Cell

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  1. Tour of the Cell

  2. What the cell??! • Basic unit of life • 3.8 BYA • Coacervates  prokaryotes  eukaryotes • Von Leuwenhoek, Hooke, Schleiden, Virchowr • Microscopes & resolution

  3. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells compared Figure 4.4x5

  4. PROKARYOTIC CELL EUKARYOTIC CELL

  5. Cell diversity • many sizes • many shapes to suit their function • Stem cells are “pluripotent” – can differentiate to become anything • embryonic vs. adult

  6. Cell Theory • All living things are made of cells • Cells are basic unit of life • All cells come from pre-existing cells

  7. All cells… • Plasma or Cell membrane • Boundary for cell, cellular communication, cell attachment & support; cell metabolism • Cytoplasm • Site of most cellular metabolism • Within membrane; within organelles • DNA • Ribosomes to follow the directions

  8. Nucleus • Genetic control center • Chromatin held on chromosomes • Nucleolus • Makes ribosomes

  9. Cell membrane • Boundary • “Interface” between the inside world and the outside world of the cell • Semi-permeable fluid mosaic model • Acts as doors and windows to the cell

  10. Cell membrane proteins function • Markers - ID tags for recognition • Transport channels for big molecules • Cell surface receptors – “antennae” of the cell • Enzymes – catalysts • Cell adhesion – cell to cell to form tissues • Scaffolding support – cytoskeleton attachment

  11. cell communication & junctions • Cell wall & cell membrane • Plasmodesmata & Gap junctions – channels b/t cells • Extracellular matrix – glycoprotein “glue” • cell adhesion to form tissues • Tight Junctions • Anchoring junctions

  12. Organelles (found only in Eukaryotes) • Organelles “organize” the cell • “little organs” • Allow for specialization • more efficient work • Membrane bound

  13. Endomembrane System • System of cellular connection & communication • Formed from eukaryotic “infolding” of cell membrane • Help to further compartmentalize the cellular activities • Endoplasmic reticulum • Golgi apparatus • Vacuoles

  14. Animal cells No cell wall Few vacuoles Nucleus centered No plastids Plant cells Cell wall Large central vacuole Nucleus pushed to side Plastids Spherosomes instead of lysosomes Compare Animal & Plant cell

  15. Chloroplasts in plant cells Figure 4.5Bx2

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