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Wind Farm Introduction Wind turbine Wind speed Wind turbine Generator DFIG Direct drive

Wind Farm Introduction Wind turbine Wind speed Wind turbine Generator DFIG Direct drive. Dr. Dharshana Muthumuni September 2009. Main components. Introduction. Introduction. System. Turbine. Generator. Connection. Turbine-Wind Speed. Wind speed distribution????

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Wind Farm Introduction Wind turbine Wind speed Wind turbine Generator DFIG Direct drive

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  1. Wind Farm • Introduction • Wind turbine • Wind speed • Wind turbine • Generator • DFIG • Direct drive Dr. Dharshana Muthumuni September 2009

  2. Main components Introduction

  3. Introduction System Turbine Generator Connection

  4. Turbine-Wind Speed • Wind speed distribution???? • Short term wind speed variations • Modeling wind speed Turbine aero dynamic model Wind speed model Pitch control

  5. Turbine-Wind Speed • PSCAD allows modeling of • mean wind speed • Short term wind: gusts, ramps and noise.

  6. Turbine-Wind Speed Gust Noise Ramp

  7. Turbine-Wind Speed Modeling Short term wind speed variations • Recorded wind speed data (speed vs time) can be used in a PSCAD simulation

  8. Wind Turbine Turbine aero dynamic model Wind speed model Pitch control

  9. Wind Turbine • Turbine components • Aerodynamics • Power coefficient • Control options

  10. Wind Turbine 风机机械功率 风能效率系数 叶尖速比 桨矩角 β

  11. Wind Turbine • Stall (定桨距失速调节型) • Pitch (变桨距调节型) • Active stall control (主动失速调节型) Turbine aero dynamic model Wind speed model Pitch control

  12. PSCAD pitch control model

  13. Wind Generator 风能效率系数 叶尖速比 • Variable and fixed speed?? • Induction machines • Doubly fed induction machines • Synchronous and PM machines

  14. Wind Generator Direct connected induction machine: network IM Gear box Capacitors or SVC • No slip rings/brushes, • Squirrel cage machine has a simple robust construction • Less maintenance • ‘Fixed speed’ operation

  15. Torque Equation in Steady State Wind Generator Torque Speed (pu) • Operating region of the machine falls over a small speed range • No reactive power control

  16. Torque Equation in Steady State Wind Generator Rrotor increasing Typical speed variation: +/- 5% Effect of varying rotor resistance in Wound Rotor Machines

  17. Wind Generator Direct connected induction machine (variable rotor resistance): • Control rotor resistance with power electronics IM To rotor

  18. Wind Generator • Direct connected induction machines: • Poor fault response

  19. Wind Generator • Direct connected induction machines: • Poor fault response • Machine must be tripped during faults.

  20. Wind Generator Double fed induction machine: DFIG Controls network IM Gear box Current of variable frequency and magnitude are forced into the rotor windings • Wound rotor machine with slip rings • ‘Variable speed’ operation • P and Q independent control

  21. Wind Generator Double fed induction machine:

  22. Wind Generator Double fed induction machine: • Fast control of P and Q • ‘Variable speed’ operation – Optimal power tracking at low wind speeds • Store kinetic energy in the rotating system during high winds • Machine and mechanical system ratings limit operating region. • Rotor crow bar protection during faults • Over speed limits

  23. Wind Generator Synchronous machine connected through a ac-dc-ac converter: network SM Gear box • With or without gear box • Can allow variable speed operation • Permanent magnet machine are used as well

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