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1914-1918: The World at War. Differing Viewpoints. “The Great War” “The War to End All Wars” “The War to ‘Make the World Safe for Democracy’”. Essential Question: What are the causes of the War?. M.A.N.I.A. (Causes of WW I). M ilitarism A lliances N ationalism I mperialism
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Differing Viewpoints • “The Great War” • “The War to End All Wars” • “The War to ‘Make the World Safe for Democracy’”
M.A.N.I.A. (Causes of WW I) • Militarism • Alliances • Nationalism • Imperialism • Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand
1. Militarism & Arms Race • Building up the military (tanks, guns, boats, etc.)
2. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:
Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:
The Major Players: 1914-17 Allied Powers: Central Powers: Nicholas II [Rus] Wilhelm II [Ger] George V [Br] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Enver Pasha[Turkey] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Franz Josef [A-H]
Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 The“Powder Keg”of Europe
The Assassin: GavriloPrincip
The Plot • Serbian nationalists (Black Hand) wanted Bosnia to join Serbia. • They thought that assassinating the Archduke would start a war which would lead to uniting Serbia. • Gavrilo Princip shot Ferdinand and his wife Sophia in Sarajevo. • Play All for You, Sophia by Franz Ferdinand
The Ultimatum • Austria-Hungary believed that the Serbian gov’t was behind the assassination. • AH issues an ultimatum to allow AH to enter Serbia to investigate. • Serbia rejects the ultimatum. • AH declares war against Serbia on July 28, 1914.
Europe is at War! • Russia mobilizes its army on July 29 to support Serbia (only had plans to mobilize against both AH and Germany). • Germany mobilized and declared war on Russia on Aug 1 (Germany’s plans were to mobilize against both Russia & France).
The Fighting Begins! • Germany declared war France August 3 because war plans (Schieffen plan) called to attack France first and attack through neutral Belgium. • Because Germany cut through Belgium Britain declared war on Germany on August 4.