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Niccolo Paganini

Niccolo Paganini. Nicolo Paganini. Born on October 27, 1782 in Genoa, Italy He began his musical endeavors at the age of 5 One of the greatest violin virtuosos in history. Nicolo Paganini. He composed and performed his first sonata in 1790, at the age of 8.

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Niccolo Paganini

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  1. Niccolo Paganini

  2. Nicolo Paganini • Born on October 27, 1782 in Genoa, Italy • He began his musical endeavors at the age of 5 • One of the greatest violin virtuosos in history

  3. Nicolo Paganini • He composed and performed his first sonata in 1790, at the age of 8. • He studied under many great violinist including Giovanni Servetto and Alessando Rolla • His chose a self-study program with a schedule of 15 hours a day of practice.

  4. His Tours • In 1795, he began to tour as a soloist • He was the first performer to travel without any back up instruments, he performed completely unaccompanied

  5. The Devil made him do it. • He was labeled the “Hexenshon” the witch’s brat • In 1828, he lost all of his teeth, this only added to the eerie and demonic persona

  6. The Performer • His compositions were written mostly for himself, as the techniques needed to play them were extremely advanced. • He was one of the first performers not to use sheet m • He would never perform a full solo piece in practice on stage

  7. Techniques • Ricochet Bowing - bouncing the bow against the string • Scordatura- mis-tuning the strings so one can play in various keys without shifting • Pizzicato - plucking the strings; with both left and right hand • Harmonics were used to create unusual sounds

  8. His Works • His works included • 32 pieces written for violin with accompaniments • 5 violin solos • 2 orchestral arrangements • 4 chamber pieces • guitar quartets • Most of his works were never published due to lack of copy rights and his belief that they were too difficult for others to have ever played

  9. His Works • The last movement, La Campanella, became so well known that Paganini played it without the preceding movements. • Sonata per La Grand’ Viola and Orchestra was inspired by a Stadivari viola • His most famous work, 24 Capricci, consisted of 24 individual pieces that highlight a particular skill

  10. His Instruments • His primary violin was a CannoneGuarnerius • . He gambled away his Amati violin and was lent the Guarnieri by an amateur violinist

  11. Defects Have Their Advantage Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Marfan syndrome

  12. Personal Life • Paganini had a son with Antonia Bianchi, named Achilles Cyrus Alexander • He split with Antonia and raised Achilles on his own

  13. Dark Side of Fame • developed a drinking and gambling habit by the age of 16 • a string of failed relationships • Casino Paganini • Dies in Nice, from cancer of the larynx.

  14. His Legacy • Paganini Competition • CannoneGuarnerius • His magnificent compositions

  15. Niccolo Paganini’s 24 Caprices • Caprice No. 1 in E major: Andante-"L'Arpeggio", this composition matches chordal playing with ricochet across all 4 strings. The piece opens in E Major and then quickly transitions into an E minor development section, where descending scales in thirds are introduced • Caprice No. 2 in B minor: Moderato-caprice in B minor focuses on detache with many string crossings across non-adjacent strings • Caprice No. 3 in E minor: Sostenuto – Presto-slurred legato exercise with octave trills in the introduction and conclusion • Caprice No. 4 in C minor: Maestoso-features passages with many multiple stops • Caprice No. 5 in A minor: Agitato-focuses on fast ricochet bowings. It begins with a section of ascending arpeggios followed by descending scales • Caprice No. 6 in G minor: Lento-exploits the use of left-hand tremolo on the violin by quickly alternating between different notes in the chord in one of the voices • Caprice No. 7 in A minor: Posato-focuses on slurred staccato passages, featuring many long slurred scales and arpeggios

  16. Niccolo Paganini’s 24 Caprices • Caprice No. 8 in E-flat major: Maestoso • Caprice No. 9 in E major: Allegretto--"The Hunt", the violin's A and E strings imitate the flutes, while the G & D strings imitate the horns • Caprice No. 10 in G minor: Vivace-primarily a study in up-bow staccato • Caprice No. 11 in C major: Andante – Presto • Caprice No. 12 in A-flat major: Allegro-consists of a slurred pattern of a melody on an upper string alternating with a drone note • Caprice No. 13 in B-flat major: Allegro • Caprice No. 14 in E-flat major: Moderato-displays the violin's ability to voice chords. It contains many triple and quadruple stops • Caprice No. 15 in E minor: Posato • Caprice No. 16 in G minor: Presto • Caprice No. 17 in E-flat major: Sostenuto – Andante-The middle section is famous for the incredibly difficult octave passage.

  17. Niccolo Paganini’s 24 Caprices • Caprice No. 18 in C major: Corrente: Allegro-demonstrates playing on the G string in very high positions • Caprice No. 19 in E-flat major: Lento – Allegro Assai • Caprice No. 20 in D major: Allegretto-the use of the D string as a drone, back dropping a lyrical melody on the A and E strings • Caprice No. 21 in A major: Amoroso: Presto-a very expressive, aria-like melody played in double-stopped sixth, followed by a section of rapid up-bow staccato • Caprice No. 22 in F major: Marcato • Caprice No. 23 in E-flat major: Posato-the middle, contrasting section is an exercise in string crossings that requires the violinist to play patterns of 3 sixteenth notes on the G string and then cross quickly to play one on the E string, and then back to the G string, all at a quick tempo • Caprice No. 24 in A minor: Tema con Variazioni: Quasi Presto-the theme from is well known, and has been used as the basis for many pieces by a wide variety of composers. This caprice uses a wide range of advanced techniques such as tremendously fast scales and arpeggios, double and triple stops, left hand pizzicato, parallel octaves and tenths, rapid shifting, and strings crossings

  18. Listening Guide for Caprice #24 by Niccolo Paganini • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OHrZAplckpI • 0:00 Introduction- mezzo forte, single violin, vibrant melody • 0:07 mezzo piano, melody repeats • 0:12 forte, melody repeats • 0:30 vivace, forte, ricochet bowing technique • 0:36 high pitch scales, variation of the melody • 0:50-0:52 silence • 0:53 mezzo forte, variation of the melody • 1:14-1:16 silence • 1:17 dramatic, low pitch double stops • 2:00 high pitch ascending and descending scales • 2:21 low- high pitch transitions; double stops • 2:24 high pitch double stops • 2:53 ascending scales • 3:12 high pitch, urgent movement with low pith transitions • 3:45 double and triple stops • 4:14 right-hand pizzicato with ricochet bowing • 4:42 largo, high pitched melody variation • 5:32 silence • 5:35 mezzo forte, double stops with ascending scales • 6:07 ascending to descending scales • 6:13 trills • 6:18 finale, silence

  19. Listening Guide for Caprice #20 by Niccolo Paganini • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0jCXC3xdRVg • 0:08 Introduction; single violin, melodic double stops, mezzo forte • 0:24 A as drone undertone, higher pitch, clear resolution • 0:29 D returns as drone undertone, low pitch, sad melody • 0:44 A returns as drone undertone, higher pitch, clear resolution • 0:50 triple stops with D as undertone, higher octave melody • 1:01 low pith triple stops with G as drone undertone • 1:14 rapid 16th note melody, low pitch, staccato • 2:56 largo; melody variation with D as drone undertone • 3:40 melody in higher octave • 4:02 finale, silence

  20. Listening Guide for Caprice #9 by Niccolo Paganini • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0jCXC3xdRVg • 0:07 introduction, single violin, light vibrant melody depicting a flute, mezzo forte • 0:17 lower pitch, almost moody melody depicting a horn, double stops, low pitch, forte • 0:22 flute melody returns • 0:24 horn melody returns to answer • 0:25 flute melody returns, double stops, leads to resolution of previous interaction in the two melodies • 0:28 melody variation combining the two octaves, double stops, forte, majestic • 0:56 flute melody returns (next section as a conversation, answering each other) • 1:06 horn melody returns • 1:12 flute melody returns

  21. Listening Guide for Caprice #9 by Niccolo Paganini • 1:14 horn melody returns • 1:15 flute melody returns • 1:19 both melodies answering one another as if conversing, descending staccato runs • 1:45 scale melody, slightly slower tempo, trills • 1:51 scale melody repeats as above • 1:52 both melodies conversing, ricochet bowing, 16th notes, resolution before returning to the melody • 2:21 flute melody returns • 2:32 horn melody returns • 2:38 flute melody returns • 2:28 horn melody returns • 2:40 flute melody returns for resolution • 2:48 finale, silence

  22. References • www.imslp.org • www.lifeinitaly.com • www.mayoclinic.com • www.mayoclinic.com • reference.findtarget.com • www.paganini.com • www.youtube.com • www.viola-in-music.com/nicolo-paganini.html • www.wikipedia.com

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