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Chapter 5: Classical Conditioning: Underlying Processes

Chapter 5: Classical Conditioning: Underlying Processes. S-S vs S-R Learning Theoretical Explanations. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w3sgR12ZSh8. Two Models of Learning S-R model. :. NS. US. UR. CS. UR. :. S-R Learning Second-Order Conditioning. :. No bar pressing.

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Chapter 5: Classical Conditioning: Underlying Processes

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  1. Chapter 5:Classical Conditioning:Underlying Processes S-S vs S-R Learning Theoretical Explanations http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w3sgR12ZSh8

  2. Two Models of Learning S-R model : NS US UR CS UR

  3. : S-R LearningSecond-Order Conditioning : No bar pressing After extinction of light

  4. Theoretical Explanations • Stimulus-Substitution Theory • CS acts as a substitute for US “food center” “salivation center” “light center”

  5. Sign Tracking

  6. Situation where Stimulus-Substitution does not explain events Jump (UR) Freeze (CR)

  7. Theoretical Explanations • Preparatory-Response Theory • CS tells organism to get ready for US

  8. Two Models of Learning S-S model : NS US UR US CS

  9. S-S LearningBlocking US and CS associated

  10. S-S LearningUS Revaluation : US and CS associated

  11. Two Models of Learning Dog : Bite  Fear NS US  UR Dog : Bite  Fear NS US  UR S-R model S-S model

  12. Homeostatic Systems

  13. Theoretical ExplanationsPreparatory-Response TheoryCompensatory-Response Model Unconditioned response to shock: Shock  increased heart rate US UR First few pairings: Tone:Shock  increased heart rate NS US UR Tone increased heart rate CS CR After repeated pairings: Tone:Shock  increased heart rate NS US UR Tone decreased heart rate CS CR

  14. Drug Addiction • Heroin-related cues: Heroin  Decreased blood pressure NS US UR • Heroin-related cues  Increased blood pressure CS UR • Heroin  Decreased blood pressure  Increased blood pressure a-process b-process US UR/US UR

  15. Drug Addiction Heroin-related cues: Relaxing effect  Tension a-process b-process NS US UR Heroin-related cues  tension CS CR

  16. Drug Tolerance

  17. Theories:What causes the learning? • Stimulus-Substitution Theory • CS acts as a substitute for US • Preparatory-Response Theory • CS tells organism to get ready for US • Compensatory-Response Model

  18. Rescorla-Wagner Model • Proposes that the US has a limited amount of associative value, and that this value is distributed among the available CSs

  19. Examples 1. Tone (V=0): Food (Max=10)  10 drops of saliva Tone (V=10) 10 drops of saliva

  20. Examples 2. [Loud Tone + Dim Light] (V=0) : Food (Max=10) 10 drops of saliva Loud Tone (V=9)  9 drops of saliva Dim Light (V=1)  1 drops of saliva

  21. Examples 3. [Tone (V=10) + Light (V=0)] : Food (Max=10) 10 drops of saliva Tone (V=10)  10 drops of saliva Light (V=0)  0 drops of saliva

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