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US and WWII

US and WWII. Gov. and Industry —ended the Depression (demand for labor due to war effort) War Bonds —asked America to put aside 10% of income to purchase in order to pay for war (Am. Bought $175 million). Factories —in 1941 19,000 planes are produced — in 1944—96,000 planes are produced

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US and WWII

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  1. US and WWII

  2. Gov. and Industry —ended the Depression (demand for labor due to war effort) War Bonds —asked America to put aside 10% of income to purchase in order to pay for war (Am. Bought $175 million) Factories —in 1941 19,000 planes are produced — in 1944—96,000 planes are produced *War time agencies staffed by businessmen, not politicians Rubber—lack due to Jap. Control of far east. US and WWII

  3. US and WWII • Selective Service System • *Armed forces • — 5 mil. Volunteered after Pearl Harbor • —15 mil. Served in war • Created a peacetime draft • —(1940) 1.8 mil. In uniform before war.

  4. US and WWII • Am. Workforce • —Am workers eager for employment after—Depression. • Women • —6 million women (due to lack of men) made 65% of workforce (no child care) but glad to do their part • ---250,000 served in Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC)—women’s volunteered in army but paid less than men.

  5. US and WWII • African Am. • —mass immigration from south to industrial cities like LA, Detroit, to fill in jobs. • 1 million served, mostly in segregated battalions. • i.e., Tuskegee Airmen. • Mex. Am • —500,000 served, • Per capita—won the most Medals of Honor

  6. *Minorities: “Why die for democracy for some foreign country when we don’t even have it here?” “Here lies a black man killed fighting a yellow man for the protection of a white man.” Vs “…under Nazism we should have no rights at all, we should be used as slaves” “…we are also children of the United States. We will defend her.” * contributed to the war economically (war bonds), through labor, and as servicemen. African Am. —mass immigration from south to industrial cities like LA, Detroit, to fill in jobs. 1 million served, mostly in segregated battalions. Not permitted to fight until the last year of the war. i.e., Tuskegee Airmen, heroic unit. Mex. Am —500,000 served — all Latino units saw heavy action both in Europe and n Asia Per capita—won the most Medals of Honor US and WWII

  7. Effect on Civilian life —US economy and geography meant Am. Experience fewer hardships compared to Europe Hardships: Severe hardships Families often separates increases in marriages and birth rates (Baby boomers) *The Industrial Response: Factories converted to war production Production of cars changed to production of planes, tanks, boats, and jeeps, “liberty ships” US and WWII

  8. US and WWII • Asians: • 13,000 Chinese served • 33,000 Japanese served—several served as spies • Native Americans: • 25,000 served • Allow some N/A first time to leave reservations and also to practice their warrior culture. • Navajo Code Talkers: transmitted radio and telephone messages in Navajo • *Japanese could not understand the language • *Airplane—Chicken Hawk • Commander—war chief

  9. Manufacturing/Labor’s Contribution: 16 million people employed during wartime 2 million minorities Both men and women faced opposition from white males Philip Randolph: Af/Am Union leader, protested military and industry discrimination Forced FDR to pass an order to employ minorities w/out discrimination. US and WWII

  10. Scientist: OSRD (Office of Scientific Research and Development) Scientist used skills to improve sonar and radar, create new medicines, “miracle drugs” , and nuclear bombs Entertainment: Amer. spending more Films: Used as propaganda i.e., Mission to Moscow Song of Russia Hitler, Beast of Berlin Growth of magazines and radio US and WWII

  11. Japanese-Americans—“Nisei”— Loyalty questioned Newspapers published anti-Japanese stories FDR saw Japanese Americans as a threat to “national security” Ordered 110,000 to turn themselves into “internment camps” —barbed wired, crowded, barracks, community mess hall and restrooms US and WWII

  12. Economic Controls: Page 575 NWLB, OPA, WPB, etc. Office of Price Administration: (OPA) fought inflation by freezing prices on most goods. Made sure people paid their taxes (reduced spending on scarce goods and buy bonds instead) War Production Board (WPB): Decided which co. would turn into war production Org. nationwide drives: collect scrap iron, tin cans, paper, rags, and cooking oil, junk, etc. Rationing: equal distribution, ration books, Seen as a personal contribution to the war effort. US and WWII

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