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The ancient Norte Chico civilization emerged between 3000 and 1800 BCE, featuring up to twenty-five urban centers characterized by smaller cities without walls and a lack of pervasive warfare. This unique society did not practice grain-based agriculture, nor did it develop technologies like pottery, relying instead on a quipu accounting system. In contrast, the Olmec civilization arose around 1200 BCE, noted for its powerful chiefdoms and elaborate ceremonial centers. The Olmecs created the first written language in the Americas around 900 BCE, significantly influencing later Mesoamerican cultures such as the Maya and Teotihuacán.
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Civilizations in the Americas: Norte Chico and Olmec
Norte Chico • Norte Chico emerged between 3000 and 1800 BCEwithas many as twenty-five urban centers • Norte Chico differed in several ways from Mesopotamia and Egypt: smaller cities without walls or signs of pervasive warfare • less evidence of economic specialization • no grain-based agriculture • did not develop certain technologies like pottery developed an accounting system based on the quipu (a series of knotted cords) but no writing system. • Unusually self-contained; only import was maize, derived from Mesoamerica
Norte Chico provided the cultural framework for future Andean cultures including the Inca.
Olmecs • The Olmec produced a First Civilization much later :around 1200 BCE • Cities arose from competing chiefdoms and produced elaborate ceremonial centers • Created the first written language in the Americas by about 900 BCE • Culture influenced later civilizations in Mesoamerica, including the Maya and Teotihuacán
The Olmecs are refereed to as the Mother Civilization of Mesoamerica
