Democratic-Republican Dominance and Westward Expansion

1. Democratic-Republican Dominance and Westward Expansion

2. What political party dominated American politics in the early 1800’s? • Democratic-Republican Party

3. What factors caused the United States to expand its territory to the Pacific Ocean before the Civil War? • Economic and strategic (military defense) interests • “Manifest Destiny”

4. What territory did the United States purchase during Jefferson’s presidency? • Louisiana

5. From what country did President Jefferson purchase the Louisiana Territory? • France

6. Who did President Jefferson send to explore the Louisiana Territory? • Meriwether Lewis • William Clark

7. How did the Louisiana Territory affect the size of the United States? • Doubled it

8. Who served as guide of the Lewis and Clark expedition? • Sacajawea

9. What two countries fought in the War of 1812? • United States • Great Britain

10. Who was president during the War of 1812? • James Madison

11. Why did France and Great Britain interfere with American trade during the Napoleonic War? • Neither country wanted its enemy to trade with the United States during the war.

12. Define impressment. • The practice of drafting sailors by force

13. Why did the British navy stop and board American ships and impress American sailors? • The British navy needed sailors to fight against the French.

14. How did the Jefferson administration respond to British impressment of American sailors? • Passed the Embargo Act

15. What does embargo mean? • Refuse to trade

16. What were two provisions of the Embargo Act? • 1) No American ship could leave an American port to go to a foreign port. • 2) No foreign ship could load a cargo at an American city.

17. What American region was hurt by the Embargo Act and why was this true? • The New England states • The New England economy depended on shipping and trade.

18. Which political party opposed the Embargo Act? • The Federalists

19. Which state governments threatened to nullify the Embargo Act? • New England states

20. What does it mean to nullify a law? • Void it • Wipe it out

21. What did President James Madison do with the Embargo Act? • Replaced it with the Non-Intercourse Act

22. What did the Non-Intercourse Act do? • Made trade with Great Britain and France illegal

23. Why did the Non-Intercourse Act fail? • British navy impressed American sailors • British navy interfered with American shipping rights as a neutral nation

24. Why did Western congressmen want war with Great Britain? • 1) British interference with American shipping • 2) Western expansionism

25. Who were the War Hawks? • Western congressmen who wanted war with Great Britain

26. What did the War Hawks believe the British were encouraging on the western frontier of the United States? • Indian attacks on American settlers who lived on the western frontier

27. Who led the War Hawks? • Henry Clay

28. What did the War Hawks hope the U.S. would gain by winning the War of 1812? • More territory in the West • Canada

29. What president was responsible for declaring war on Great Britain in 1812? • James Madison

30. What war lasted from 1812 to 1815? • The War of 1812

31. What two countries fought the War of 1812? • The United States • Great Britain

32. What region was against the War of 1812? • New England

33. What political party was against the War of 1812? • Federalists

34. How did the Federalists respond to President Madison’s desire to declare war on Great Britain?

35. The Federalists: • 1) Opposed the war • 2) Talked about secession • 3) Proposed constitutional amendments that were not acted upon

36. How did the Federalist Party want to limit the power of Congress by constitutional amendment? • Limit Congress’ power to: 1) impose embargoes 2) restrict commerce 3) make war 4) admit new states

37. What was the result of Federalist criticism of the War of 1812? • The Federalist Party collapsed • The Federalists stopped being an effective political party on the national level

38. What were two results of the American belief that the U.S. won the War of 1812? • 1) The U.S. claimed the Oregon territory • 2) More American settlers moved into Florida

39. What territory did the United States acquire in 1819? • Florida

40. From what country did the United States acquire Florida? • Spain

41. What two countries signed the Adams-Onis Treaty? • The United States • Spain

42. What territory did the Adams-Onis Treaty give the United States? • Florida

43. The Adams-Onis Treaty

44. What issue did the Monroe Doctrine involve? • Foreign Policy

45. What set forth the basic principles of American foreign policy from 1823 until the end of the 19th century? • The Monroe Doctrine

46. What were the 4 points of the Monroe Doctrine?

47. No more European colonies in the Americas • Countries in Western Hemisphere were republics; countries in Europe were monarchies • If European countries threatened any country in Americas, then they threatened the United States • U.S. would stay out of European affairs

48. What continents are in the Western Hemisphere? • North America • South America

49. What is a republic? • A Representative Democracy • The People elect representatives to make the laws

50. Who rules in monarchies? • Kings and Queens