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Technologies for Learning: Fun and Effective Instruction Methods

Explore different technologies and instructional methods, including cooperative learning, games, simulations, and personalized instruction, to make learning enjoyable and effective. Discover the advantages and disadvantages of each approach.

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Technologies for Learning: Fun and Effective Instruction Methods

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  1. Technologies for LearningChapter 2 Katherine Ann Webster Learning can be fun!!!

  2. Chapter Outline • Technologies for Learning • Cooperative Learning • Games, Simulations, and Simulation Games • Learning Centers • Programmed Instruction, Programmed Tutoring, and Programmed Teaching • Personalized System of Instruction Learning can be fun!!!

  3. “Technologies for Learning???” Learning can be fun!!!

  4. Types of Technology • Hard technology • Computers and Satellites • Soft technology • A process or way of thinking about a problem Learning can be fun!!!

  5. Features of Successful Instruction • Active involvement (participation and interaction) • Reinforcement and Feedback • Practice • Realistic context • Individualized Instruction or Cooperative groups Learning can be fun!!!

  6. Learner Participation… Not…… or…… Learning can be fun!!!

  7. To get the learner actively involved…… ….is to get the learner thinking!!! Learning can be fun!!!

  8. Positive Reinforcement and Feedback • Good Work!!! • Excellent!!! • Tell me what you did here? • You’ve done a great job!!! • I can tell that you’ve worked hard. • In this what you intended? What were you trying to do? • Let’s work on this. • Maybe I can help you. Learning can be fun!!!

  9. Practice Learning can be fun!!!

  10. Realistic context • What context are you using to present your materials and exercises? • Teaching Math • Recipes • Nature walks • Teaching Health & Safety • Drug Dog Visit • Trip to Fire Dept Learning can be fun!!!

  11. Cooperative Groups, Parallel Learning or Individualized Instruction • Everyone needs help once in a while. • Everyone needs to learn how to work in a group. Learning can be fun!!!

  12. Some people prefer to work by themselves. That’s just their way!!! Learning can be fun!!!

  13. Some folks prefer to work with others. They work well in groups. Learning can be fun!!!

  14. Cooperative Groups Learning can be fun!!!

  15. Cooperative Learning Learning can be fun!!!

  16. Let’s all pull together!!!! Learning can be fun!!!

  17. Not!!!!! Learning can be fun!!!

  18. Cooperative Learning defined… Cooperative Learning is the instructional use of small groups so that students work together to maximize their own and each other’s learning. Learning can be fun!!!

  19. Cooperative Learning Formats • Johnson and Johnson’s Learning Together Model • Slavin’s Team-Assisted Individualization • Computer-Based Cooperative Learning Learning can be fun!!!

  20. Johnson and Johnson’s Learning Together Model • Feedback is critical in successful learning. • Interpersonal Feedback is being told by another person what works well and what does not. • Interpersonal, and small-group skills are taught. p.28 Learning can be fun!!!

  21. Slavin’s Team-Assisted Individualization (TAI) • Math in 3rd – 6th grades • Small groups – teacher assigned • Self-paced, Self-checking • Organized environment • Less demands on teachers • Direct Instruction • Team Study Techniques Learning can be fun!!!

  22. The TAI Pattern • Teaching groups • Team formation • Self Instructional Materials • Step-by-step procedures for problem solving • Set of problems and Self-test Items • Summative Test • Team Scores and Team Recognition - Weekly Learning can be fun!!!

  23. Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages • Active Learning and Social Skills • Group Interdependence and Accountability • Individual Accountability Disadvantages • Student Compatibility and Individualists • Dependency and Leadership • Time Logistical obstacles Learning can be fun!!!

  24. Results • Better learning of lesson content • Better retention • Better interpersonal skills • Better thinking skills Learning can be fun!!!

  25. Parallel Learning Advantages • Friendly Atmosphere and Environment • Companionship • Security Learning can be fun!!!

  26. Companionship Learning can be fun!!!

  27. Security Learning can be fun!!!

  28. Individualized Instruction • Working “One-on-One” • Individualized assignments Learning can be fun!!!

  29. Computer-Based Cooperative Learning • Manages paperwork for classes • Assists more than one group • Assigns individual tasks to students (creating “good” interdependence) Learning can be fun!!!

  30. Games, Simulation, and Simulation Games …these terms are often used interchangeably Learning can be fun!!!

  31. Games and Adaptation Games defined… • An activity in which participants follow rules that differ from real life as they strive to attain a challenging goal. Adaptation • Teachers often adapt existing games by changing the subject, but keeping the game’s structure. The original game is then called the “frame game.” Learning can be fun!!!

  32. Characteristics and Uses of Games Characteristics • Entertaining, Imaginative • Challenging • Obtainable Goals Uses • Important skills • Motivation • Small Group Instruction Learning can be fun!!!

  33. Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages • Attractive and Novel • Atmosphere • Time on task Disadvantages • Competition • Distraction • Poor design Learning can be fun!!!

  34. Simulation and Simulators defined… • Simulation is a simplification of some real-life situation or process. • Simulators provide realistic practice with feedback in a realistic context. Learning can be fun!!!

  35. Examples, Advantages and Disadvantages Examples • Starpower • Role Play • Flight Simulators Advantages • Real-Life Learning • Safe Environment • Simplified Disadvantages • Time consuming • Oversimplification Learning can be fun!!!

  36. Simulation Games Characteristics • Provides conditions for learning • Requires interaction and models real life Examples • Role Play • The Green Revolution Game • Save the Whales • Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego? Learning can be fun!!!

  37. Cooperative Simulation Games Cooperative Simulation Games have provided a “New Concept.” Games should teach cooperation, acceptance, and success in a fun-oriented atmosphere to develop strong positive self-concepts. Learning can be fun!!!

  38. Debriefing Types of Debriefing • Group • Individual 4 D’s of Debriefing • Decompressing (feelings) • Describing (facts) • Drawing Comparisons (transfer) • Deriving Lessons (applications) Learning can be fun!!!

  39. Appraisal Checklist • Games • Simulation • Simulation Games Learning can be fun!!!

  40. Learning Centers and Carrels Learning Centers Self-contained environments designed to promote individual or small-group learning around a specific task. Carrels – Wet and Dry • Wet – Electrical Outlets • Dry – No electrical outlets Learning can be fun!!!

  41. Advantages and Disadvantages of Learning Centers Advantages • Self-Pacing • Active Learning • Teacher Role Disadvantages • Time and Cost • Classroom Management • Student are responsible for learning • Limited Student Socialization Learning can be fun!!!

  42. Types and Examples of Learning Centers Types of Centers • Skills Centers • Interest Centers • Remedial Centers • Enrichment Centers Examples • Daytona 500 Learning Center • Project CHILD Learning can be fun!!!

  43. Programmed Instruction, Programmed Tutoring, Programmed Teaching Learning can be fun!!!

  44. Programmed Instruction • Programmed Instruction follows the theory that behavior is learned through reinforcement. • Programmed Instruction played an important role in the development of computer software. Learning can be fun!!!

  45. Programmed Tutoring (Structured Tutoring) Definition • A program that uses carefully structured printed instructions. • The tutor’s responses are based on the learners answers. It can be fast or slow paced depending on the needs and responses of the student. Learning can be fun!!!

  46. Characteristics of Programmed Instruction and Programmed Tutoring Programmed Instruction • Enjoyment and Learning • Realistic Contexts Programmed Tutoring • One-on-one • Structured Responses • Student Paced Learning can be fun!!!

  47. Advantages of both Programmed Instruction and Programmed Tutoring • Self-Pacing • Practice and Feedback • Reliable • Effective Learning can be fun!!!

  48. Disadvantages….. Programmed Instruction • Program Design • Tedious Repetition • Lack of Social Interaction Programmed Tutoring • Labor Dependent • Time and Cost Learning can be fun!!!

  49. Programmed Teaching (Direct Instruction) Definition • An attempt to apply the principles of programmed instruction in a large-group setting Characteristics • Highly Prescriptive Lesson Plan • Small Groups (5-10 students) Learning can be fun!!!

  50. Critical Features of Programmed Teaching • Scripted Lessons • Unison Responses • Rapid Pace • Reinforcement or Correction Learning can be fun!!!

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