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Introduction

Introduction. Preprocessing Occurs before a program is compiled Inclusion of other files Definition of symbolic constants and macros Conditional compilation of program code Conditional execution of preprocessor directives Format of preprocessor directives Lines begin with #

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Introduction

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  1. Introduction • Preprocessing • Occurs before a program is compiled • Inclusion of other files • Definition of symbolic constants and macros • Conditional compilation of program code • Conditional execution of preprocessor directives • Format of preprocessor directives • Lines begin with # • Only whitespace characters before directives on a line

  2. The #include Preprocessor Directive • #include • Copy of a specified file included in place of the directive • #include<filename> • Searches standard library for file • Use for standard library files • #include"filename" • Searches current directory, then standard library • Use for user-defined files • Used for: • Programs with multiple source files to be compiled together • Header file – has common declarations and definitions (classes, structures, function prototypes) • #include statement in each file

  3. The #define Preprocessor Directive: Symbolic Constants • #define • Preprocessor directive used to create symbolic constants and macros • Symbolic constants • When program compiled, all occurrences of symbolic constant replaced with replacement text • Format #defineidentifier replacement-text • Example: #define PI 3.14159 • Everything to right of identifier replaces text #define PI = 3.14159 • Replaces “PI” with "= 3.14159" • Cannot redefine symbolic constants once they have been created

  4. The #define Preprocessor Directive: Macros • Macro • Operation defined in #define • A macro without arguments is treated like a symbolic constant • A macro with arguments has its arguments substituted for replacement text, when the macro is expanded • Performs a text substitution – no data type checking • The macro #define CIRCLE_AREA( x ) ( PI * ( x ) * ( x ) ) would cause area = CIRCLE_AREA( 4 ); to become area = ( 3.14159 * ( 4 ) * ( 4 ) );

  5. The #define Preprocessor Directive: Macros • Use parenthesis • Without them the macro #define CIRCLE_AREA( x ) PI * ( x ) * ( x ) would cause area = CIRCLE_AREA( c + 2 ); to become area = 3.14159 * c + 2 * c + 2; • Multiple arguments #define RECTANGLE_AREA( x, y ) ( ( x ) * ( y ) ) would cause rectArea = RECTANGLE_AREA( a + 4, b + 7 ); to become rectArea = ( ( a + 4 ) * ( b + 7 ) );

  6. The #define Preprocessor Directive: Macros • #undef • Undefines a symbolic constant or macro • If a symbolic constant or macro has been undefined it can later be redefined

  7. Conditional Compilation • Conditional compilation • Control preprocessor directives and compilation • Cast expressions, sizeof, enumeration constants cannot be evaluated in preprocessor directives • Structure similar to if #if !defined( NULL ) #define NULL 0 #endif • Determines if symbolic constant NULL has been defined • If NULL is defined, defined( NULL ) evaluates to 1 • If NULL is not defined, this function defines NULL to be 0 • Every #if must end with #endif • #ifdef short for #if defined( name ) • #ifndef short for #if !defined( name )

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