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CIVIL RIGHTS

CIVIL RIGHTS. 1950’S Education Voting Desegregation. JIM CROW LAWS. 15 mil blacks in US in1950 2/3 in South Separate schools—separate Everything!. Truman/Ike. Truman-”To Secure These Rights” report on rights of blacks Get equality in Armed Forces thru executive order

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CIVIL RIGHTS

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  1. CIVIL RIGHTS 1950’S Education Voting Desegregation

  2. JIM CROW LAWS 15 mil blacks in US in1950 2/3 in South Separate schools—separate Everything!

  3. Truman/Ike • Truman-”To Secure These Rights” report on rights of blacks • Get equality in Armed Forces thru executive order • Desegregate federal civil service (gov’t jobs) • Continue with plan to gain equality • Ike not interest in civil rights/equality • “social harmony not social justice” • 1950-Sweatt v. Painter • Separate but equal professional schools not equal • Need to integrate • IKE-no action Jim crow laws Keep blacks without Political & economic Power!

  4. Emmitt Till 1955 • Chicago teenager visiting his relatives in Mississippi • Lynched—brutally killed because he talked to a white woman • White men tried but not convicted • Case reopened in 2003 • Charges filed, but not enough • evidence

  5. Supreme Court more liberal Run by Justice Warren Congress won’t legislate integration so SC has to “judicial activism” Brown v. Board of Ed. Topeka, KS1954

  6. Brown v. Board of Educ. • Plessy v. Ferguson 1896 • Separate but equal is ok • Brown decision • “separate but equal is inherently unequal”==segregation is unconstutional • Must desegregate with all due speed! • By 1964—only 2% of blacks were integrated • Hard fought fight to integrate

  7. Little Rock School Crisis 1957 Key Players: Gov. Orval Faubus -no integration -brings Arkansas National Guard to prevent integration Little Rock 9 9 students selected to attend Little Rock HS in the fall of 1957 Ike -doesn’t like integration But doesn’t like Fed. Gov’t to be ignored

  8. Ike’s Response Sends troops to protect the Little Rock 9 Faubus’ actions- Direct challenge to federal authority Results: Brutal treatment Some last the year Some graduate

  9. Civil Rights Act of 1957 • Ike-”the mildest civil rights bill possible” • Commission to investigate violations of Civil rights • Fed gov’t to protect voting rights • Doesn’t happen • 20% of eligible black voters registered to vote • Less than 5% registered in Mississippi & Alabama

  10. Southern Christian Leadership Conference 1957 • Leader-Martin Luther King jr. • Mobilize power of black churches on behalf of black rights • Strengthen community & the ability to fight back • Peaceful protests—not violence

  11. Montgomery Bus Boycotts 1955 Key players: Rosa Parks Martin Luther King Jr. Help publicize boycott & help keep the calm Reasons for boycott: Blacks must sit in the back of the bus Blacks must give up their seat to a white person

  12. Lasts almost one year Bus company almost goes bankrupt City leaders refuse to negotiate Finally-start integration Results of Boycott

  13. Further protests • Feb 1960-lunch counter sit ins to protest segregation in Greensboro NC • April 1960-SNCC-Student Non violent Coordinating Committee • Sit ins across the country—espec. South • Protest segregation in restaurants/transportation etc

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