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Chapter 1 Section 3

Chapter 1 Section 3. Foundations of Civilization. The Main Idea From farming villages arose cities, and with them, the first civilizations, marking the beginnings of recorded history. Focus Why did some villages develop into cities? What characterized the world’s first

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Chapter 1 Section 3

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  1. Chapter 1 Section 3 Foundations of Civilization

  2. The Main Idea From farming villages arose cities, and with them, the first civilizations, marking the beginnings of recorded history. Focus Why did some villages develop into cities? What characterized the world’s first civilizations, and where did they develop? What factors cause civilizations to change over time?

  3. I. From Villages to Cities Villages grew and the first cities appeared City of Uruk, c. 3000 BC

  4. I. From Villages to Cities Improved agriculture and irrigation resulted in a food surplus Shadouf Irrigation

  5. I. From Villages to Cities Fewer people needed to farm; others worked in different tasks – division of labor Egyptians artisans smelted copper and gold for artistic, architectural, and military purposes.

  6. I. From Villages to Cities Cities – larger/more densely populated First known city - Uruk Uruk, 3000 BC : Population – 40,000 to 50,000 Size – 1000 acres

  7. I. From Villages to Cities City populations more diverse: Village - families/clans; traditional economy City - unrelated people; complex economy

  8. I. From Villages to Cities Formal organization in cities Centers of trade Ancient Babylon, c. 600 BC

  9. II. The First Civilizations

  10. II. The First Civilizations Civilizations - complex organized cultures with common characteristics

  11. Characteristics of Early Civilizations Developed Cities – political, economic, and cultural centers Organized Government – laws/systems of justice, food production, taxation Harappa, Indus River Valley

  12. Characteristics of Early Civilizations Egyptians saw their pharaoh as a god, more specifically as the god Horus Egyptian Gods Horus and Osiris and Pharaoh Seti I Formalized religion – priests, ceremonies, rituals Government and religion closely connected

  13. Characteristics of Early Civilizations The earliest specializations were: baking, brewing, weaving, dyeing, carpentry, pottery-making, stone and metal-working; merchants, soldiers and artists; priests and healers; temple managers, bureaucrats, calendar-keepers, and scribes Specialization of labor: farmers, soldiers, artisans, merchants, etc.

  14. Characteristics of Early Civilizations Social classes - People became ranked according to job, wealth, or influence

  15. Characteristics of Early Civilizations Abstract writing for record keeping Calendars to keep track of yearly events Cuneiform tablet

  16. Characteristics of Early Civilizations Arts and architecture reflected beliefs, values, strength, and culture Mesopotamian Ziggurat Temple of Hephaistos

  17. III. Changes in Civilizations Civilizations changed over time; some failed, others succeeded and grew

  18. III. Changes in Civilizations Forces of nature Need for resources Expanded trade for scarce resources Salt mine in the Sahara Desert

  19. III. Changes in Civilizations Cultural Diffusion - spread of ideas, customs, culture, and technology by migration, trade, warfare Traders approaching Timbuktu in Mali Diffusion of language

  20. III. Changes in Civilizations Warfare brought change: victors forced way of life upon defeated

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