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Understanding Quarks: The Building Blocks of Baryons and Their Interactions in Quantum Chromodynamics

Quarks are fundamental particles that combine to form hadrons, primarily baryons, which are composed of three quarks. Understanding quarks is essential in studying their interactions governed by Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). There are six types of quarks: up, down, charm, top, bottom, and strange, each with distinct properties. Quarks possess a baryon number of 1/3 while antiquarks have a baryon number of -1/3. Their strong interactions, unaffected by distance, keep them bound together, leading to the formation of baryons and mesons. The discovery of pentaquarks, exotic baryons made of five quarks, marks a significant advancement in particle physics.

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Understanding Quarks: The Building Blocks of Baryons and Their Interactions in Quantum Chromodynamics

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  1. What is Quark? • Composes “Hadron” – composed of quarks • Which includes “Baryon” – fermions composed of 3 quarks • “Fermions” – experience nuclear forces • We study their interaction with QCD(Quantum Chromo-dynamics)

  2. What is Quarks? 6 types : Up Down Charm Top Bottom Strange

  3. Quarks properties

  4. What is Quarks? • “Antiquarks” : particles with opposite properties • “Baryon number” - To form a baryon, sum of composition quarks must be integer. • Quarks all have Baryon number of 1/3, while antiquarks are -1/3

  5. Quantum Chromo-dynamics States that… • Strong forces between Quarks don’t decay by distance so they are always stuck together • This strong force is determined by the “Colour charge” of the quarks (Not actual visual colour, but just three kinds of charges)

  6. Quantum Chromo-dynamics • 3 Quarks joins together under strong force  Baryons (Baryon number = 1/3 + 1/3 + 1/3 = 1) • 1 Quark + 1 Antiquark  Mesons (Baryon number = 1/3 + -1/3 = 0) • Quarks tends to group in combination neutralize their colour charge

  7. Pentaquarks • Particles with 5 quarks, namely, “Exotic Baryon” • First discovered, theta+ • Electric charge of +1 • Strangeness of +1 • Decays into K+ meson ( u) and neutron (udd)

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