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Recent Development in Space

Recent Development in Space. Cheng-I Chen Presentation at GWS August 4, 2012. Outline. Introduction US Space Program Space Stations and ISS Space Transportation after Space Shuttle Mars and Moon Exploration Chinese Development Rocket and Satellite Program of North Korean

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Recent Development in Space

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  1. Recent Development in Space Cheng-I Chen Presentation at GWS August 4, 2012

  2. Outline • Introduction • US Space Program • Space Stations and ISS • Space Transportation after Space Shuttle • Mars and Moon Exploration • Chinese Development • Rocket and Satellite Program of North Korean • Recent Development of NSPO (credit NSPO)

  3. Education Development in 50 years

  4. Key US Space AgenciesIt is more than NASA NASA Department of Defense USAF Space Command Other Military Services (Navy and Army) National Security Agency (SIGNAT signal intelligence) NGA (National Geospatial-IntelligenceAgency) Department of Commerce NOAA National Weather Service National Envir Satellite, Data, and Information Service NRO National Reconnaissance Office ( DoD and CIA) Others –NSF, FAA, etc …

  5. NASA’s Main Missions • Aeronautics Research • Air Transportation • Air Traffic Control • Aeronautics Test • Science • Earth • Heliophysics • Planets • Astropysics • Human Exploration and Operations • ISS • Space Communication and Navigation • Launch Service • Commercial Space Transportation • Exploration System Development • Advanced Exploration Systems • Space Life Science Research and Application

  6. Space Stations and ISS

  7. Salyut 7 Space Station

  8. Skylab Space Station

  9. MIR Space Station

  10. International Space Station (1) • Cooperative Program among USA, Russia, ESA, Japan, and Canada • First Russian Module ‘Zarya’ launched in November, 1998 • Total of 15 pressured modules (US-7,Russia-5, Japan-2, ESA-1) in ISS now • One more Russian module (MLM) is planned for 2013 • Partners agreed to extend the life from 2015 to 2020

  11. International Space Station (after STS-134 mission; Credit: NASA)

  12. International Space Station (2) • Life in ISS • Accommodate 6 astronauts normally • Expedition 32 crew are in residence now • Typical duty is 6 months in space • AMS-2 was added by Space Shuttle flight STS-134 in May 2011 • Russia plans to use some of its ISS modules for the next generation space station OPSEK. • Other modules are not planned to be reused.

  13. Space Transportation • Serve the need of reaching space • Provide means of transportation between the earth and space stations •   Requirements and Design are Different for Crew and Cargo Transportation

  14. Space Shuttle • The first reusable spacecraft launched April 12, 1981 with Columbia. • NASA has lost Columbia and Challenger in fatal disasters. • Three others (Discovery, Atlantis and Endeavour) retired in 2011. • The Soviets developed their own reusable craft, Buran • Buran flew only once, on November 15, 1988, when it spent 3.5 hours in space, orbited the earth twice, and landed, all under remote control

  15. Space Shuttle • US Space Shuttle (year 1981-2011) • Six shuttles were built (1 test 5 operations) • Total of Missions : 135 mission (plus 6 test flights of Enterprise) • Oribital Weight : 78 tons • Crew Capacity - 7 • Cargo Capacity - 24.4 tons • Russia(Burun), ESA, and Japan all terminated their shuttle programs before completion

  16. Space Development in the past 50 years

  17. US Commercial Space Transportation • US Gov’t turns to commercial space transportation after Shuttle • Major programs: • Space X Falcon 9 and Space Dragon • OSC/Thales Alenia Space Antares and Cygnus • Lockheed Martin-led Team Delta IV and Orion • Other Programs • Virgin Galactic SpaceShip Two (suborbital flight for tourists) • Bigelow Orion Lite • Sierra Nevada Dream Chaser • Blue Origin New Sheppard • Boeing CST-100

  18. View from the International Space Station of the SpaceX Dragon spacecraft as the station's robotic arm moves Dragoninto place for attachment to the station. May 25, 2012. Photo: NASA

  19. SpaceX’s Space Dragon • Successful demonstration flight in May 2012 • Fully autonomous rendezvous and docking (with manual override capability in crewed configuration ) • 6,000 kg (13,228 lbs) payload up-mass to LEO; 3,000 kg (6,614 lbs) payload down-mass • Payload Volume: 10 m3 (350 ft3) pressurized, 14 m3  (490 ft3) unpressurized • Dragon is 4.4 meters (14.4 feet) tall and 3.66 meters (12 feet) in diameter. • The trunk is 2.8 meters (9.2 feet) tall and 3.66 meters (12 feet) wide. • Supports up to 7 passengers in Crew configuration

  20. Major Components of Space Dragon (credit SpaceX)

  21. Non-US Space Vehicles • Russian Spacecraft • Soyuz • Progress •   PPTS and Advanced Crew Vehicles (in development) • ESA • ATV • CSTS and ACTS (in development) • Japan • HTV • China • Shunzhou • India • ISRO Orbital Vehicle (in development)

  22. Recent Mars Exploration • US • MERS-A Sprit Dover(2003-2011) • MERS-B Opportunity Dover(2003-now) • Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (2005-now) • Phoenix (Lander)(2007-2008) • Dawn (Gravity assist to Vesta)(2007-now) • ESA • Rosetta (Gravity assist enroute to comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko)(2004-now)

  23. Recent Mars Exploration NASA Phoenix The Phoenixlander descended on Mars on May 25, 2008. Mission scientists used instruments aboard the lander to search for environments suitable for microbiallife on Mars, and to research the history of water there. • The program was a partnership of many US and European Universities and a number of space agencies and aerospace companies

  24. Recent Mars and Asteroid Exploration NASA’s Dawn It was launched in 2007 toward Mars to get gravity assisted flyby and to orbit around dwarf planet Vesta from July 16, 2011 to August 26, 2012. The spacecraft will then head to Ceres, which it is scheduled to reach in February 2015. It is propelled by three xenonion thrusters and can produce velocity change of 10km/sec

  25. Vesta, Ceres and Earth's Moon with sizes shown to scale

  26. New Mars Exploration NASA’s Mars Science Laboratory • NASA's MSL, with its Martian rover named "Curiosity", was launched on November 26, 2011and contains instruments designed to look for past or present conditions relevant to habitability. The Curiosity is scheduled to land on Mars in August 5, 2012 at 10:31 pm PDT • Cost of Mission: $2.5B

  27. Mars Science LaboratoryLanding of Curiosity • Cruise Distance: 354 million miles • Distance to Earth: 154 million miles • Communication Delay: 14 minutes • Touch Down Operation: 7 minutes • Touch Down Phase: • S-Curve Maneuver (13000 mph->900mph) • Parachute (to about 1 mile altitude) • Rocket Burn (slow down to 2 mph) • Hovering ,Spool Cable to lower the Curiosity • Cut Cables

  28. Curiosity's Landing on Mars

  29. Viedo of Curiosity’s Final Arrival • SHOW VIEDO

  30. Recent Mars Exploration Russia’s Fobos-Grunt Lander • In September 2011, Roscosmos' Fobos-Grunt lander with sample return was launched. • It is intended to obtain surface samples from the Martian moon Phobos • The Fobos-Grunt mission suffered a complete control and communications failure during launch and was left stranded in low Earth orbit and later falling back to Earth.

  31. Recent Mars Exploration CNSA’s Yinghhou螢火1 • Launched on November 8, 2011, Yinghou-1 was Chinese first Mars-exploration space probe • It was launched along with the RussianFobos-Gruntsample return spacecraft and intended to orbit Mars for around two years,studying the planet's surface, atmosphere, ionosphere and magnetic field. • Burns to depart Earth orbit fialed

  32. Future Mar ExplorationNASA’s MAVEN • Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) is the only currently planned NASA’s future Mars exploration mission • The planned mission will send a space probe to orbit Mars and study its atmosphere • It will help determine what caused the atmosphere —and water— to be lost to space • To be launched in late 2013 and reaches Mars in Fall of 2014

  33. Future Mar ExplorationESA ExoMars 2016-2018 The EAS-led program is originally joined by NASA and Russia NASA backed out due to funding problem Mission 2016 - The Gas Orbiter and EDM Lander Mission 2018 – Lander and Rover

  34. ESA ExoMars 2016 • Artist's concept of the ExoMars 2016 spacecraft, which consists of the Trace Gas Orbiter and the Entry, descent and landing Demonstrator Module (EDM).CREDIT: ESA-AOES Medialab

  35. Chinese Space Development • Overview • Launch Vehicles • Manned Space Program • Chinese Space Station • Moon Exploration • Navigation Satellites

  36. Chinese Space Development Overview

  37. Chinese Space DevelopmentRecent Major Milestone • October 15, 2003 China‘s 1st Manned Mission Shenzhou-5 • October 12, 2005 Launched 2nd Manned Mission • September 2008 First Space Walk on 3rd Manned Mission • September 2011 Launched Tiangong-1,an Unmanned Rendezvous Module • November 2011 Completed a docking of the Shenzhou-8 with the Tiangong 1 by remote control • 2012 June 16 launched Shenzhou-9 with 3 Astronauts to Dock with Tiangong 1 automatically and manually

  38. Chinese Launch VehiclesLong March Families Name Status Stages LEO (kg) GTO(kg) • Long March 1 Retired 3 300 - • Long March 1D Retired 3 930 - • Long March 2A Retired 2 1,800 - • Long March 2C Active 2 2,400 - • Long March 2D Active 2 3,100 - • Long March 2E Retired 2 (plus 4 Strap-on boosters) 9,500 3,500 • Long March 2E(A) In development2 (plus 4Strap-on boosters) 14,100 - • Long March 2F Active 2 (plus 4Strap-on boosters) 8,400 3,370 • Long March 2F/G Active 2 (plus 4 Strap-on boosters) 11,200 N/A • Long March 3 Retired 3 5,000 1,500 • Long March 3A Active 3 8,500 2,600 • Long March 3B Retired? 3 (plus 4 Strap-on boosters) 12,000 5,100 • Long March 3B(A) In development 3 (plus 4Strap-on boosters) 3,000 6,000 • Long March 3B/E Active 3 (plus 4 Strap-on boosters) ? 5,500 • Long March 3C Active 3 (plus 2 Strap-on boosters) ? 3,800 • Long March 4A Retired 3 4,000 (SSO) 1,500 • Long March 4B Active 3 4,200 (SSO) 2,200 • Long March 4C Active 3  4,200 (SSO) 2,800 • Long March 5 In development 3 25,000 14,000 • Long March 6 In development 3       (SSO) 500

  39. Long March II-F rocket transported to the launch pad. Image released June 11, 2012.CREDIT: China Manned Space Engineering

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