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Measurement and Simulation of Radionuclide Yields in Iron from 400 AMeV Carbon Ions

Detailed results of the experiment and FLUKA simulation for radionuclide product yields in iron from 400 AMeV carbon ions, including isomer production, ejectile yield, and activation estimation. Key findings, limitations, and acknowledgements.

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Measurement and Simulation of Radionuclide Yields in Iron from 400 AMeV Carbon Ions

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  1. Measurement and simulation of radionuclide product yields in iron from 400 AMeV carbon ions T.Ogawa, M.Morev, Takeshi Iimoto, Toshiso Kosako The university of Tokyo SATIF-10, 2-4 June 2010, CERN

  2. In-Target γ-emitting fragments 400 MeV C ion Abstract Experiment Simulation (FLUKA) • Target fragment in Fe target • Bombarded by 400MeV/u C ion • Experiment and calculation with FLUKA • FLUKA • Projectile fragment, deep fragmentation : Underestimation (50%) • Isomer : Reasonable • Others : Good agreement

  3. Background • Activation in intermediate ~high energy • Problem in decommissioning • Monte-Carlo calculation codes • Ejectile yield ← Good measurements • Target fragment ← Few benchmark data Essential in activation estimation t 24Na, 43K, 54Mn d Particle Ejectile Be Target fragment SATIF-10, 2-4 June 2010, CERN

  4. 0.15 cm Experiment • Irradiation (~10 h, Cooling) • Gamma spectrometry Disassemblage Cooling (avoid pile-up) HPGe 4.0 cm Measure activity one by one ☆Only decay γ-emmiting ☆detectable intensity ☆Medium ~ Long half-lived nuclides were measured Be-7, Na-22, Na-24, Mg-28, K-42, K-43, Sc-44m, Sc-46, Sc-47, Sc-48, V-48, Cr-48, Cr-51, Mn-52, Mn-54, Co-55, Co-56, Co-58 C (400MeV/u) 16 cm Collimated beam Fe 16 cm 6.85 cm SATIF-10, 2-4 June 2010, CERN

  5. Simulation ~~FLUKA-2008~~ • Fe: Natural isotope composition • Impurities (C, P, Mn, S, Si) ←Minor effect • RQMD (A-A interaction) model Bq/mm 0.15 cm 11.35h exposure 1h cooling On-line calculation (RESNUCLE option) 4.0 cm 16 cm C (400MeV/u) 16 cm Depth Collimated beam Fe 6.85 cm SATIF-10, 2-4 June 2010, CERN

  6. Results ~~Lighter than projectile~~ + Projectile fragments + Secondary particle induced • Projectile fragments • Underestimated (~50%) • Production in range • Underestimated • Direct or indirect Direct reaction X-sec or Secondary induced reaction underestimated SATIF-10, 2-4 June 2010, CERN

  7. Results ~~ Deep fragmentation~~ • X-section underestimated • Secondary particle induced : underestimated • End of range: Underestimation X-sec underestimated by 50% Range ~5.1cm RQMD model limitation 100 MeV/u Secondary particle induced reaction SATIF-10, 2-4 June 2010, CERN

  8. Results ~~ Isomer~~ • Isomer production • 1/2 ground, 1/2 meta-stable assumption : Not critical ・Close atomic numbers ・Similar underestimation SATIF-10, 2-4 June 2010, CERN

  9. Results ~~ Isomer-2~~ • Isomer production • Mn-52 g • Very good agreement  21.1 m 54.9 s 0.5 5.591 d 8.275 8.275 h 0.5 Detectable gamma SATIF-10, 2-4 June 2010, CERN

  10. Results ~~As heavy as target~~ • Severely underestimated (~1/300) • Low E light ion (α, t, etc) induced reactions? SATIF-10, 2-4 June 2010, CERN

  11. Results ~~other nuclides~~ • Higher contribution from secondary particles RQMD model limitation 100 MeV/u Secondary particle induced SATIF-10, 2-4 June 2010, CERN

  12. Conclusion • Fe target + 400MeV/u C ion • Experiment & Simulation • Overall good agreement • Projectile fragment : Under? (50%) • Deep fragmentation : Under (50%) • Shallow fragmentation by secondary particles : Good agreement • Isomer assumption : Reasonable • Others : Good agreement SATIF-10, 2-4 June 2010, CERN

  13. Acknowledgement • We gratefully acknowledge the support and assistance of the accelerator operation staff at HIMAC and Dr. Murakami. • We wish to thank the FLUKA authors Dr. Francesco Cerutti, Dr. Vasilis Vlachoudis and Dr. Alfredo Ferrari for fruitful discussions

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