The World of Chemistry: Fundamentals and Applications

1. General Chemistry 1 2nd semester, AY 2007-2008 MWF 12:30-1:30 pm, C-109

2. Is this Chemistry?

3. Before we proceed School of Science and Engineering Department of Chemistry Karen Manalastas Schmitt Hall, C-116 (426-6001 loc. 5633) Consultation hours: MWF, 10:30-11:30 pm Email: kgmanalastas@yahoo.com Website: kmanalastas.wordpress.com

4. Description and Objectives • This course is designed to give you a firm background in the natural sciences, and in chemistry in particular • Become familiar with the fundamentals of the scientific method, and the classification, properties, structure and reactivity of matter • Critical thinking skills • Basic skills in chemical calculations

5. Suggested references • Brown, T.L., LeMay, H.E., and B.E. Bursten. Chemistry : The Central Science 6th/7th/8th/9th ed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall International Inc. • Hill, J. W. and D. K. Kolb. Chemistry for Changing Times, 7th, 10th Ed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, c.1995. • Snyder, C.H. The Extraordinary Chemistry of Ordinary Things. 2nd/3rd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. • ++And other readings and supplements to be given in class or to be borrowed from the Reserve Section of the Rizal Library under my name.

6. Requirements and Grading • 60% long exams (4) • 10% quizzes, problem sets • 10% group project • 20% final exam • Exemptions: class standing of at least B+; risk-free

7. Some concerns • Attendance: at most 9 cuts • Quizzes: may or may not be announced. Always bring scientific calculator • Intellectual honesty • Use of cell phones, PDAs, laptops • Eating and drinking

8. Consultation hours • MWF, 10:30-11:30 pm, or by appointment • Schmitt Hall, C-116

9. Chemistry The Central Science

10. Why study chemistry? • Chemistry deals with matter • We matter!

11. Some burning questions • Why do fuels burn (while water does not)?

12. LZ 129 Hindenburg • Zeppelin: largest aircraft ever built.

13. 1937 disaster

14. Other questions • Why does water turn into ice?

15. Other questions • What makes certain foods taste the way they do? What is the basis of taste?

16. Mango Would you eat this? • a-Terpinolene, Ethyl butanoate, 3-Carene, Ethyl acetate, Ethyl 2-butenoate, a-Terpinene, a-Thujene, Dimethyl sulfide, Limonene, b-Phellandrene, Myrcene, p-Cymen-8-ol, b-Caryophyllene, cis-3-Hexene-1-ol, hexadecyl acetate, 5-Butyldihydro-3H-2-furanone, trans-2-hexenal, Ethyl tetradeconaoate, a-Humulene, sabinene, 2-Carene, Camphene, Ethyl octanoate, 4-Isopropenyl-1-methylbenzene 1-Hexanol, a-terpinene, hexanal, Ethyl hexadecanoate, a-Copaene, Hexadecanal, Ethanol, Ethyl propionate, Dihydro-5-hexyl-3H-2-furanone, Carveol, Geranial, Ethyl decanoate, Furfural, Butyl acetate, Methyl butanoate, 2,3, Pentanedione, 1,1, diethoxyethane, pentadecanal, Butyl formate, 1-Butanol, 5-Methylfurfural, Ethyl dodecanoate, 2-Acetylfuran, 2 Methyl-1-butanol, 4-Methylacetophenoen, Acetaldehyde, Cyclohexane

17. Some burning questions • How does hair rebonding work? After Before

18. Some burning questions • If we’re 99% homologous with them, why are we so different from chimps?

19. Also… • We live in a chemically-dependent world • Critical thinking involved in science is useful to learn in life

20. Some useful developments • Sucralose, marketed as Splenda • Teflon

21. Chemistry as a science • The scientific method

22. Don’t try this at home… • Tate & Lyle, a British sugar company and Queen’s College • Adding laboratory chemicals to sucrose (table sugar) • Shashikant Phadnis, a research assitant, was asked to test a chemical • He misheard it as taste!

23. He tasted it??? • It tasted sweet • the discovery of sucralose (Splenda)

24. The scientific method • Observation • The substance tasted very sweet. • Statement of the problem • Why was it sweet? Is it safe for human consumption? • Hypothesis • Because of its particular structure, it reacts with taste receptors in the tongue similar to sucrose

25. The scientific method • Experimentation • Characterization of the molecule, toxicity tests • Observations and analysis • Conclusions • Similar structure, not particularly toxic • Application – artificial sweetener sucralose Table sugar

26. Chemistry as a science • Science depends on observable, and measurable phenomena • Accurate and honest data collection is paramount

27. Teflon • In 1938, Roy J. Plunkett, a researcher at DuPont makes a curious observation: A tank of the gaseous compound tetrafluoroethylene, CF2=CF2, that was supposed to be full had no gas in it. • He found that the inside of the tank was coated with a white waxy substance that was remarkably unreactive toward even the most corrosive chemical reagents.

28. Scientific method • Observation • Statement of the Problem • Hypothesis • Experiment • Observations and Analysis • Drawing Conclusions • Finding Applications

29. Applications • Cooking materials, space vessels • Uranium hexafluoride is corrosive • Science is merely a tool

30. What then is chemistry? • Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, properties and changes of matter • Matter • Anything that has mass and occupies space

31. For next meeting • FRONT: • (Paste pic on the UPPER RIGHT CORNER) • USE ONE LINE EACH: • -NICKNAME • -FAMILY NAME, FIRST NAME • -ID No., COURSE, BLOCK, Indicate if you’re a scholar • -Mobile No., Home No. (for emergencies only) • -e-mail address (yahoogroup-access capable) • -Birthday • -High School, Final HS Chemistry Grade • -Favorite Chem Topic • -Least Favorite Chem Topic

32. Index card • BACK: • -General Interests • -What career path you plan to take after college (even a tentative, initial dream will do ) • -1st Sem Class Schedule (does not have to be in table form)

33. Homework • Complete your index cards properly. Choose your final seat. • I will post a hand-out on MEASUREMENT and UNCERTAINTY. Read this. Exercises are not to be passed. Clarifications must be made at the start of the next class. • Read about the following topics: • Classification of matter • In terms of state • In terms of composition • Properties of Matter; Changes of Matter