1 / 21

Chapter 21 by Jennifer H. Bredemeyer and Ida M. Androwich

Chapter 21 by Jennifer H. Bredemeyer and Ida M. Androwich. Translational Research: Generating Evidence for Practice. Objectives. Clarify the differences between evidence based practice and translational research. Describe models for introducing research findings into practice.

john
Download Presentation

Chapter 21 by Jennifer H. Bredemeyer and Ida M. Androwich

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 21by Jennifer H. Bredemeyer and Ida M. Androwich Translational Research: Generating Evidence for Practice

  2. Objectives • Clarify the differences between evidence based practice and translational research. • Describe models for introducing research findings into practice. • Identify barriers to research utilization in practice.

  3. Key Terms Defined • Agency for Health Care Research http://www.ahrq.gov/ • Context of Care • Evidence • Evidence Based Practice

  4. Key Terms Defined • IOWA Model • Meta-Analysis • National Guideline Clearinghouse • http://www.guidelines.gov/ • Open Access Initiative

  5. Key Terms Defined • Qualitative Study • Quantitative Study • Research Utilization • Research Validity

  6. Key Terms Defined • Translational Research

  7. Introduction • Evidential Knowledge to Clinical Practice • Evidence-Based Practice • Research Utilization • Translational Research • The Importance of Research

  8. Introduction • The need for evidence • Randomized Control Trial • What constitutes evidence?

  9. Determining Validity • Research Must Be Valid • Evidential Hierarchy 1. Meta-analysis 2. Individual experimental studies 3. Quasi-experimental studies 4. Non-experimental studies 5. Program evaluations such as quality improvement projects 6. Opinions of experts

  10. Clarification of Terms • What is meta-analysis? • What is the benefit of qualitative research?

  11. Bridging the gap between research and practice • Bridging the gap between research and practice • Barriers to the application of evidence-based practice • An observational study performed by McKnight in 2006 • How do nurses view the application of research?

  12. The role of informatics • The collaborative component of research • The importance of technology • The importance of an informatics infrastructure • The integration of informatics and the medical record

  13. The role of informatics • The Cochrane Collaboration • http://www.cochrane.org/ • Agency for Health Care Research • http://www.ahrq.gov/ • What is the mission of the AHRQ?

  14. The role of informatics • Why was the National Guideline Clearinghouse created? • What is the NGC (http://www.guideline.gov/) • What are the benefits of NGC website? • What resources are available for evidence-based practices?

  15. Developing evidence based practice guidelines • Careful Analysis is Essential • Information Technology also Plays a Very Important Role

  16. Meta-analysis and Generation of knowledge • What is the strength of the systematic review? • What do systematic reviews achieve? • What methods do meta-analysis use? • What is meta-analysis?

  17. Meta-analysis and Generation of knowledge Steps of a meta-analysis are: 1. Defining the Problem 2. Establishing Study Eligibility 3. Identifying the Heterogeneity 4. Standardizing the Data 5. Sensitivity Testing

  18. Meta-analysis and Generation of knowledge • What is the criticism of meta-analysis? • How good is analysis? • Where is information on meta-anlaysis available?

  19. Meta-analysis and Generation of knowledge • Where is open access available? • What are open access journals? • How do publishers of open access journals afford to provide free access to readers? • What about the authors of open access journals?

  20. Thought Provoking Questions • Twelve hour shifts are problematic for patient and nurse safety and yet hospitals continue to keep the 12-hour shift schedule. In 2004, the Institute of Medicine (Board on Health Care Services & Institute of Medicine, 2004) published a report which referred to studies as early as 1988 which discussed the negative affects of rotating shifts on intervention accuracy. Workers with 12 hour shifts realized more fatigue than workers on 8 hour shifts. In another study done in Turkey by Ilhan et al(Ilhan, Durukan, Aras, Turkcuoglu, & Aygun, 2006), factors relating to increased risk for injury were: age of 24 or less, less than 4 years of nursing experience, working in the surgical intensive care units and working for more than eight hours. As a clinician reading these studies, what would your next step be?

  21. Thought Provoking Questions 2.The use of heparin versus saline to maintain the patency of peripheral intravenous catheters has been addressed in research for many years. The American Society of Health System recently Pharmacists (ASHSP) published a position paper in January 2006 (American Journal of Health System Pharmacists, 2006) advocating their support of the use of 0.9% saline in the maintenance of peripheral catheters in non-pregnant adults. It seems surprising that their position paper references articles that advocate the use of saline over heparin dating from 1991. What do you feel are some of the barriers which would have caused this delay in implementation?

More Related