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Integumentary System

Integumentary System. Chapter 6. First line of defense. Structure – classified as a membrane. Epidermis – epithelial layer Dermis – vascular connective tissue Subcutaneous layer – loose – collagen + adipose. Thin and thick skin. Most is thin – surface Remainder – thick – palms, soles

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Integumentary System

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  1. Integumentary System Chapter 6

  2. First line of defense

  3. Structure – classified as a membrane • Epidermis – epithelial layer • Dermis – vascular connective tissue • Subcutaneous layer – loose – collagen + adipose

  4. Thin and thick skin • Most is thin – surface • Remainder – thick – palms, soles • Thick – each of the five layers are present • Dermal papillae creates fingerprint

  5. Cell types of epidermis • Keratinocytes – most important cells – 90% - principal structural element • Melanocytes – black or brown – protection – 5% • Langerhans cells – immune response – defense – cytopoesis in marrow – help T-cells (trigger for immune system response)

  6. Hyperkeratosis

  7. The epidermis contains 5 layers. From bottom to top the layers are named: stratum basale stratum spinosum stratum granulosum stratum licidum stratum corneum

  8. Develop a saying to remember these layers……..BSGLC Best one wins!

  9. Epidermis Anatomy - Keratinocyte Maturation Epidermis Anatomy - Keratinocyte Maturation http://dermatology.about.com/od/anatomy/ss/epidermis.htm

  10. Cell Layers • Stratum corneum – superficial – thin squamous (flat) cells – dead – cytoplasm replaced with keratin – membranes thick – prevents dehydration – first line of defense – abnormality (hyperkeratosis)

  11. Stratum lucidum • Keratinocytes tightly packed and clear • No nucleus • Cells filled with gel-like eleidin which becomes keraatin • Eleidin blocks fluid penetration • Absent in thin skin, but present in thick skin

  12. Stratum granulosum Keritinization Lipids formed from granules that form waterproof barrier

  13. Stratum spinosum Spiny layer – latinspinosus 8-10 layers – irregularly shaped cells Found in epidermal layer and rich in RNA Protein - producing

  14. Stratum basal • Single layer • Deepest stratum • Continual mitosis • 35 d to surface

  15. The stratum germinativum is composed of the basale/spinosum together. This is known as the growth layer.

  16. Dermis

  17. Dermis • Thicker than epidermis • Blood vessels • Nerves

  18. Papillary layer • Thin surface of the dermis • Forms lumpy bumps called dermal papilla • Loose connective tissue, collagen, and elastin • Forms ridges • Well defined on finger tips - griping • “fingerprinting” • Allows for griping

  19. Fingerprinting technique: • Tape • Pencil • Paper – two sheets

  20. History of fingerprinting • Hx. – brand, tattoo, miame criminals • Levenworth – over 800,000 collected – early 1900’s • Currently - >250 mil.

  21. Fingerprinting styles

  22. Reticular layer • Thick – much more dense in fibrous structure • Dermis • Fibrous/collagenous – commercially processed from animals is sold as leather • Elastin also present – ability to rebound – abnormal conditions do exist • Dehydration test – pinch an inch! • An attachment for skeletal/smooth muscles • Expression in face – skeletal • Hair follicle response ( arrectorpili/smooth muscles) –goose flesh, elevation of testicle, erection of nipple – creates heat • Sensory receptors found here – transmission of impulses

  23. Dermal growth/repair • Dermis can regenerate from fibroblasts that creates a place where connective tissue is replaced by normal tissue • If normal tissue fails to fill in a scar is left behind • Langer’s cleavage lines help to hide incisions and have a better tendency to remain in tact during healing • Elastin can be stretched too much and linear markings remain – pregnancy – tears in elastin • Also known as strae

  24. Keloid

  25. Color my World! • Melanocytes - Melanin – brown or black • Converts amino acid tyrosine into dark pigments • Depends on genetics, sun exposure, ACTH - pituitary • Absence – albanism • Carotene – yellow/orange • Erythema - vessels

  26. Abnormal changes • Vitiligo • Cyanosis • Jaundice

  27. Vitiligo

  28. Vitiligo

  29. Cyanosis

  30. Erythema

  31. Jaundice

  32. Skin functions: • Protection • Sensory perception • Excretion • Movement • Vitamin D production • Immunity • Regulation of body temp. • Production • Loss

  33. Protection • Chemicals • Trauma • Sun exposure • Barrier - “surface film”, bacteria/fungus

  34. Sensory perception: Volunteers?

  35. Sensation • Sensory organ • Pressure • Touch • Temperature • Pain • Vibration

  36. Movement • Elastin content • How much is too much?

  37. Or not enough -Scleroderma

  38. Excretion • Sweat – from what gland? • Urea, salt, ammonia, uric acid – waste products of urinary system and tissue breakdown

  39. VitaminD Production • UV – A/B • 7-dehdrocholesterol -- colecalciferal • Transferred to liver/kidneys for conversion • Purpose – • Summer? Winter?

  40. Immunity • T-cells – helps to form proteins to fight against microbes • Fungus • Bacteria

  41. Body Temperature regulation • Circadian Rhythm • Production – metabolism • Loss – evaporation, radiation, conduction, convection

  42. Burns • 1st • 2nd • 3rd • Assessment – Rule of nines/palm

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