1 / 10

Immunization

Immunization . Dr. Shreedhar Paudel May, 2009. Immunization . Immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine

joella
Download Presentation

Immunization

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Immunization Dr. ShreedharPaudel May, 2009

  2. Immunization • Immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine • Vaccines stimulate the body’s own immune system to protect the person against subsequent infection or disease

  3. Immunization • Two types of responses • Innate • Non specific • Lacks memory and specificity • Monocyte- macrophage system • Acquired • Specific • Response improves with subsequent exposure • Antigen specific T and B lymphocytes

  4. Immunization • Types of immune responses • Active • Natural • Artificial • Passive • Natural • Artificial

  5. Immunization… • Active immunization entails the introduction of a foreign molecule into the body, which causes the body itself to generate immunity against the target • This immunity comes from the T cells and the B cells with their antibodies

  6. Immunization…. • Naturally acquired active immunity occurs when the person is exposed to a live pathogen, develops the disease, and becomes immune as a result of the primary immune response • Artificially acquired active immunity can be induced by a vaccine, a substance that contains the antigen. A vaccine stimulates a primary response against the antigen without causing symptoms of the disease

  7. Immunization… • Artificially acquired passive immunity is a short-term immunization by the injection of antibodies, such as gamma globulin, that are not produced by the recipient's cells • Naturally acquired passive immunity occurs during pregnancy, in which certain antibodies are passed from the maternal into the fetal bloodstream

  8. Immunization… • Types of vaccine:- • Live attenuated • Organisms actually infect the vaccinee • Single dose is sufficient for immunization • BCG, oral polio, MMR • Killed or inactivated • Killed organism • Relatively nontoxic but sometimes may induce local and systemic reactions • Pertusis, Inj. Polio, hepatitis A, Salmonella typhi

  9. Immunization… • Types of vaccine:- • Toxoids • Non toxic • Products are well purified • Non replicating antigens • Diphtheria, tetanus • Others • Capsular polysaccharide -Hib, meningococcal, pneumococcal • Recombinant • HbsAg

  10. EPI Primary immunization schedule recommended by the Expanded Program on Immunization of the WHO • At birth: BCG, OPV and HBV • 6 weeks: DPT, OPV, and HBV • 10 weeks: DPT and OPV • 14 weeks: DPT and OPV • 9 weeks: Measles and HBV • Women of child bearing age: Tetanus toxoid

More Related