Lesson 11.1: Heart Anatomy and the Function of the Cardiovascular System

2. The Cardiovascular System 11 Lesson 11.1: Heart Anatomy and the Function of the Cardiovascular System Lesson 11.2: Regulation of the Heart Lesson 11.3: Blood Vessels and Circulation Lesson 11.4: Heart Disease

3. Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System Lesson 11.1 Heart Anatomy and the Function of the Cardiovascular System

4. Anatomy and the Function of the Cardiovascular System • the heart: location and size • the four chambers of the heart • the heart valves • blood flow through the heart • walls of the heart • cardiac cycle • cardiac output

5. The Heart: Location and Size • thoracic cavity • above diaphragm • between lungs • size of a clenched fist • weighs 8–12 ounces

6. The Heart: Location and Size

7. The Four Chambers of the Heart • right atrium • right ventricle • left atrium • left ventricle

8. The Heart Valves • atrioventricular (AV) valves • tricuspid • bicuspid (mitral) • semilunar valves • pulmonary • aortic

9. Review and Assessment Match these words with 1–4 below: tricuspid, thoracic cavity, ventricle, aortic. 1. atrioventricular valve 2. semilunar valve 3. location of heart 4. heart chamber

10. Blood Flow through the Heart • (1) deoxygenated blood flows from the body to the inferior and superior vena cavae to right atrium • (2) right atrium contracts, forcing blood through the tricuspid valve to right ventricle • (3) right ventricle contracts, forcing blood through the pulmonary valve, to the pulmonary artery • (4) blood exits to the lungs

11. Blood Flow through the Heart (continued) • (5) oxygenated blood from lungs travels through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium • (6) left atrium contracts, forcing blood through the mitral valve to the left ventricle • (7) left ventricle contracts, forcing blood through the aortic valve • (8) blood passes to the aorta • (9) blood travels out to parts of the body

12. Blood Flow through the Heart

13. Walls of the Heart • epicardium • outermost layer • myocardium • middle layer • endocardium • inner layer

14. Cardiac Cycle • diastole • ventricle relax, atria contract • systole • ventricles contract, atria relax • mean arterial pressure • overall pressure within cardiovascular system

15. Cardiac Output • amount of blood pumped by heart in 1 minute measured in liters/minute • stroke volume • amount of blood pumped in 1 beat • heart rate • number of beats per minute

16. Review and Assessment True or False? 1. The ventricles contract in diastole. 2. Stroke volume is measured in beats/minute. 3. The epicardium is the inner heart layer. 4. Deoxygenated blood enters the left atrium. 5. The aortic valve is in the left ventricle.

17. Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System Lesson 11.2 Regulation of the Heart

18. Regulation of the Heart • internal control of the heart • external control • the conduction system

19. Internal Control of the Heart • sinoatrial node • pacemaker • sends electrical impulse • tells heart to beat 60–100 bpm

20. External Control of the Heart • the cardiac center • sympathetic nerve system speeds up • parasympathetic nerve system slows down • the endocrine system • some hormones speed up

21. The Conduction System • SA node • AV node • bundle of His • bundle branches–right and left • Purkinje fibers

22. Electrocardiogram • ECG or EKG • electrical activity of the heart • depolarize–contract • repolarize–relax

23. Review and Assessment Match these words with 1–4 below: parasympathetic, EKG, SA node, sympathetic. 1. speed up 2. slow down 3. pacemaker 4. electrical activity of the heart

24. Cardiac Arrhythmias • normal contractility condition • sinus rhythm • abnormal contractility condition • arrhythmia • ventricle or atria contraction is not normal

25. Cardiac Arrhythmias • bradycardia • slow heart beat • tachycardia • fast heart beat • premature atrial contraction (PACs) • atria contracts before SA node

26. Cardiac Arrhythmias • atrial fibrillation • atria contract faster than 350 bpm • premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) • ventricles contract too soon • ventricular tachycardia (VT) • ventricles, rather than SA node, cause beat

27. Cardiac Arrhythmias • ventricular fibrillation (VF) • ventricles contract faster than 350 bpm • heart block • impulse from SA node to AV node • first–impulse delayed • second–intermittently blocked • third–completely blocked

28. Defibrillators and Life-Threatening Arrhythmias • automatic external defibrillator (AED) • electric shock • stops heart • allows heart to start normal rhythm • anyone can use one

29. Review and Assessment Fill in the blanks with: Tachycardia, Atrial fibrillation, Bradycardia, or Defibrillator. 1. _______________ is fast heart beat. 2. _______________ is slow heart beat. 3. _______________ is atria beating more than 350 bpm. 4. A(n) _______________ stops the heart so it can reset.

30. Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System Lesson 11.3 Blood Vessels and Circulation

31. Blood Vessels and Circulation • blood vessels: the transport network • circulation: moving blood around the body • taking vital signs • know your numbers

32. Blood Vessels: The Transport Network • structure and function of vessels

33. The Three Layers of Blood Vessels • tunica intima • innermost layer • tunica media • middle layer • tunica externa • outermost layer

34. Differences between Arteries and Veins

35. Capillaries • exchange vessels • gas moves between tissue and blood • capillary bed • network of exchange vessels • precapillary sphincters • close off capillary bed as needed

36. Circulation: Moving Blood around the Body • cardiopulmonary circulation • between heart and lungs • systemic circulation • between heart and body

37. Circulation: Moving Blood around the Body

38. Review and Assessment True or False? 1. Systemic circulation moves blood to lungs. 2. Capillaries are exchange vessels. 3. The tunica intima is the innermost layer. 4. Arteries move blood away from the heart. 5. Veins move blood toward the heart.

39. Cardiac Circulation • coronary arteries • left • right • coronary sinus

40. Hepatic Portal Circulation • maintains proper levels in the blood • carbohydrate • fat • protein

41. Arteries

42. Veins

43. Fetal Circulation • placenta • vena cava • right atrium • foramen ovale • right ventricle • ductus arteriosus

44. Taking Vital Signs • taking your pulse • find radial, carotid or brachial artery • count beats for 15 seconds, multiply by 4 • measuring blood pressure • stethoscope, sphygmomanometer • systolic/diastolic pressure Joseph Dilag/Shutterstock.com, Ilya Andriyanov/Shutterstock.com

45. Know Your Numbers • weight • body mass index–weight to height • blood pressure • systolic/diastolic–110/70 mmHg • cholesterol • LDLs and HDLs

46. Review and Assessment Match these words with 1–4 below: foramen ovule, cholesterol, pulse, blood pressure. 1. systolic/diastolic 2. fetal circulation 3. LDLs and HDLs 4. carotid artery

47. Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System Lesson 11.4 Heart Disease

48. Heart Disease • valve abnormalities • diseases ending in -itis • heart failure • diseases of the arteries

49. Heart Disease • heart attack • hypertension • peripheral vascular disease • stroke

50. Valve Abnormalities • heart murmurs • valves do not close properly • valvular stenosis • narrowed, stiff heart valve • mitral valve prolapse • mitral valve does not fully close • palpitations