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Persistent Organic Pollutants in Marine Ecosystems

Persistent Organic Pollutants in Marine Ecosystems. PoPs in Swedish Breast Milk. Halogenated Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Chlorine Bromine Fluorine. Types of PoP. Pesticides Industrial Chemicals By-Products. Toxicity of PoPs. Related to structure Related to ‘most toxic substance’

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Persistent Organic Pollutants in Marine Ecosystems

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  1. Persistent Organic Pollutants in Marine Ecosystems

  2. PoPs in Swedish Breast Milk

  3. HalogenatedAromatic Hydrocarbons Chlorine Bromine Fluorine

  4. Types of PoP • Pesticides • Industrial Chemicals • By-Products

  5. Toxicity of PoPs • Related to structure • Related to ‘most toxic substance’ • 2,3,7,8 tetrachloro dibenzo dioxin • Toxicity Equivalent - TEQ • Relative Factor of 1 for 2,3,7,8 TCDD

  6. Dioxins/Furans • 75 individual chlorinated dioxins • 135 individual chlorinated furans • Very stable & bind to soils and sediment

  7. Associated Issues • Bioaccumulation – Biomagnification • Loss of higher predators • Adverse impacts on marine food chains • Fish eating – Gt Lakes of North America, Baltic & North Sea • Birth defects, reduced aptitude in new born babies • Endocrine Disruption

  8. pcwww.liv.ac.uk/aquabiol/BIOL202_Web/

  9. PCBs – Major Problems • Baltic Sea & North Sea • Gt Lakes of North America • Hudson River • Local “difficulties” : • Mersey Estuary & Liverpool Bay

  10. Poly Chlorinated Biphenyls • 209 Compounds - ca 100 in env • Highly inert • Introduced 1930s • Discovered in environment 1966 by Jensen in Sweden during analysis for DDT • 750,000 tonnes manufactured

  11. Poly Chlorinated Biphenyls • Banned by USEPA in new uses in 1979 • Manufacture completely banned in 1984

  12. Poly Chlorinated Biphenyls • Technical Mixtures • Arochlor 1242 • Arochlor 1254 • Arochlor 1262

  13. PCBs

  14. Flame Retardents • Polybrominated diphenyl ethers

  15. Impacts of tissue residues Endocrine Disruption

  16. Intersex Flounder Intersex Mersey Male Flounder Gonad

  17. Endocrine Disruption • Molluscs –– TBT - IMPOSEX

  18. Nucella

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