Low-Rate Data and Positioning Applications for ALT-PHY WPAN

1. Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: [Low-Rate Data and/or Positioning Applications – Submission in Response to the IEEE 802.15.4SGa Formal CFA] Date Submitted: [22 October, 2003] Source: [Walter Hirt], Company [IBM Corp., Research Division, Zurich Research Laboratory] Address: [Säumerstrasse 4, CH-8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland] Voice: [+41-1-724-8477], FAX: [+41-1-724-8955], E-Mail:[hir@zurich.ibm.com] Re: [IEEE P802.15.SG4a CFA] Abstract: [Key features to be offered by an ALT-PHY for WPAN should include low-power consuming radio devices supporting applications in need of low- to moderate data rates in combination with precise positioning and location tracking capabilities, e.g., as required in smart sensor & actuator networks] Purpose: [New ALT-PHY-WPAN application & usage scenarios in response to 802.15.4SGa CFA] Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.

2. IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ Response to Formal Call for Applications“Low-Rate Data and/or Positioning Applications”IEEE 802.15 SG4a WPAN MEETINGAlbuquerque, NM, USA – November 9 - 14, 2003 Walter Hirt+41-1-724-8477 / hir@zurich.ibm.comSystems – Sensor Networks

3. Free Space UWB AWGN Channel Complementary WPAN Applications Channel Capacity or Cutoff Rate [Mb/s] Channel Capacity: ~ Cutoff Rate: Assumed System Parameters High-Rate Data Applications BP-2-PAM / 256-PPM BP-2-PAM / 64-PPM BP-32-PAM / 1-PPM BP = Bi-Polar BP-2-PAM / 1-PPM: Link Distance [m] BP-2-PAM / 1-PPM: Low-Rate Data and/or Positioning Applications BP-2-PAM / 1-PPM: Source: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory Reference:D. Porcino and W. Hirt, “Ultra-Wideband Radio Technology: Potential and Challenges Ahead,” IEEE Commun. Mag., July 2003, pp. 66 -74.

4. Low-Rate Data and/or Positioning Applications Evolution of Short-Range Radio Technology • Chip Technology • Still driven by Moore’s Law • “All-CMOS Radio” • Generic Radio Classes • Multi-Standard Radio (MSR) • Single-Standard Radio (SSR) • Low power & low-rate data • Impact on Applications • MSRs Universal Wireless Ports • Enable fastest, most economic and secure links • SSRs Massive Deployments • e.g., Sensor & Actuator Networks • Co-exist & co-operate with MSRs Example:SSRs in harsh industrial environments for Sensor, Positioning & Identification Networks (SPIN) MSR: Concentrator SSR-MSR: Control Point SSR: Sensor or Actuator Source: IBM • Very noisy and multipath ridden RF channel Link to IP Network Infrastructure Example:Ad-hoc Sensor & Actuator Networks Source: IBM

5. Low-Rate Data and/or Positioning Applications Sensor & Actuator Networks • Smart Sensor or Actuator Unit (S/A-U) • Connected to Intranets or the Intranet by wires and/or wireless links • May include local (simple) data processing or actuator capabilities • Support of end-to-end data security functions • Requires very low power consumption (e.g., maximize battery life) • Sleep mode and wake-up on input • Low-rate data is sufficient … often together withlocalization support • Sensor & Actuator Network (SAN) • Very large network of S/A-Us deployed across an operational area and connected to a smart platform … preferably by flexible wireless links • Scalability (100’s to 1000’s of nodes) • Low-power nodes(e.g., h/w MAC) • Self-organized (ad hoc) network • Data aggregation (“fusion”) • Support for actuator control • Location tracking of nodes

6. Sensor & Actuator Networks (SAN)Potential Use & Requirements for Wireless Links Many sensors & actuators linked by SSRs (low-rate data, location information, security) Sub-SAN may operate as ad-hoc network (100’s nodes, geo-routing/geo-filtering) MSRs as Universal Wireless Ports(fast, secure & economical links) Very Noisy Multipath Channel:Reliabilty Equipment Sensors & Control Remote Diagnostics & Service Controls Low Power RFID Tags: Battery Life! HVAC Sensors & Controls Range: to 50 m Data Rate: 10’s kb/s Automated Data Collection (Control Point or Concentrator) Lighting Monitors & Controls Range: to 100 m Position: 0.1 – 1 m Security Sensors & Controls

7. Summary Low-Rate Data and/or Positioning Applications • Potential ALT-PHY WPAN Application and Usage Scenarios • Future scenarios foresee large aggregations of Single-Standard Radios (SSRs) and Multi-Standard Radios (MSRs)linked to Intranets & Internet • Monitoring, sensing & control of industrial and environmental processes • Management of logistics, supply chains and warehouses • Security and surveillance functions at home and in public areas • Personnel and asset tracking on government and healthcare premises • Key Requirements for Sensor & Actuator Networks (SAN) • Radio (SSR) • Low-rate data (10’s – 100’s kb/s) with precise location tracking (up to 100 m and within 0.1 – 1 m) and low power consumption (battery life!) • Co-exist & co-operate with MSRs (e.g., IEEE 802 wireless PHYs) • Network • Flexible topology, low deployment cost, scalable multiple-access