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Exploring Earth's Layers: Crust, Mantle, Core

Discover Earth's structure: its crust (oceanic & continental), lithosphere, asthenosphere, mantle, outer core, and solid inner core. Learn about their composition, density, and unique characteristics.

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Exploring Earth's Layers: Crust, Mantle, Core

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  1. Earth’s Layers

  2. Earth is divided into 3 basic layers: 1. Crust 2. Mantle 3. Core These layers are then subdivided into smaller layers.

  3. CRUST: • Is the outermost layer on the earth. • Thickness varies. Under mountains it can be as thick as 40-70 km and less than 7 km under the ocean. • It is the least dense of all the layers. (lightest layer) • It is made up of silicon and oxygen.

  4. 2 TYPES OF CRUST: • Oceanic crust is very dense, made of Basalt. • Continental crust is less dense, made of Granite.

  5. Lithosphere: • Made up of the earth’s crust and very top part of mantle. Asthenosphere: • Layer right below the lithosphere in the upper mantle. Not a liquid or a solid but like a thick paste.

  6. GRANITE BASALT

  7. MANTLE: • Located below the crust. • It is the largest layer (about 2900 km thick). • Hot soften rocks made up of more magnesium and iron. • Density increases with depth due to increase in pressure. • Remember less dense near the crust more dense near the core.

  8. Look at the sub-layers of the mantle • LITHOSPHERE: • This is the “crunchy” layer of the Earth. • It includes the crust and the very uppermost part of the upper Mantle • ASTHENOSPHERE: • Soft – can bend like plastic, layer in the upper portion of the mantle • It is located right below the Lithosphere. • Lithosphere floats on this layer (like jello)

  9. CORE: Located below the Mantle. • It is divided into 2 layers • Outer Core • Inner Core

  10. Outer Core: • is liquid and is made up of mostly iron(easily magnetized) • The movement of materials in the liquid O.C. is inferred to be the cause of Earth’s magnetic field! • The O.C. is about 2300 km thick.

  11. Inner Core: • Is the center of the Earth – 2400 km in diameter. • It’s solidiron and nickel. Most dense layer (heaviest) • The increased pressure causes the I.C. to be solid

  12. Lithosphere Asthenosphere CRUST MANTLE OUTER CORE INNER CORE

  13. In Review: • What are the 3 main layers of the Earth? • Crust, Mantle, Core • Which layer is the least dense? • Crust • Which core layer is solid iron and nickel? • Inner core • What is the name given to the “crunchy” layer of the crust and uppermost part of the mantle? • Lithosphere • 5. The motion in this layer is the reason Earth has a magnetic field. • Outer core

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