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What You’ll Learn. 1. Explain how a person develops a moral code. 2. Explain why some teens challenge authority and break laws. 3. Discuss the consequences juvenile offenders may experience.
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What You’ll Learn 1. Explain how a person develops a moral code. 2. Explain why some teens challenge authority and break laws. 3. Discuss the consequences juvenile offenders may experience. 4. Identify ways juvenile offenders can change their behavior to show respect for authority and obey laws.
Key Terms • juvenile detention • diversion • authority • moral code • conscience • role conformity • social reciprocity • delinquent behavior • status offenses • probation
Moral Codes • A law is a rule of conduct or action recognized to be binding. • Authority is the power and right to apply and enforce laws and rules. • A moral code is a personal set of rules that a person uses to control his or her behavior.
How to Develop a Moral Code • Stage 1: Will I get into trouble? • The first stage of moral development occurs in early childhood when people learn what is right and wrong based upon whether they will be rewarded or punished for their actions. • A conscience is a sense of right and wrong that prompts responsible behavior and causes feelings of guilt following wrong behavior. • The moral code learned early in life forms the basis of people’s conscience.
How to Develop a Moral Code • Stage 2: What will people think of me if I behave this way? • People reach the second stage of moral development, role conformity, between ages 10 and 13. • Role conformity is the desire to behave in ways that gain the approval of others. • At this stage, people understand which behaviors are expected, which behaviors are right, and which behaviors are wrong.
How to Develop a Moral Code • Stage 3: Is my behavior responsible? • During the third stage of moral development, people commit to a set of principles that they use to guide their behaviors. • Having respect for the rights of others is a quality that helps prevent injury and violence. • Social reciprocity is the act of people treating others as they wish to be treated.
Reasons for Rebellion • Teens who have a solid moral code respect authority and obey laws. • Some teens challenge authority and break laws.
Why Some Teens Challenge Authority and Break Laws • In the first stage, right and wrong are learned based upon behaviors that are rewarded or punished. • Clear expectations of parents, guardians, and other caretakers shape a person’s guidelines for his or her behavior. • A person learns that wrong behavior has negative consequences if parents, guardians, and other caretakers consistently punish wrong behaviors.
Why Some Teens Challenge Authority and Break Laws • Unclear expectations • When expectations of parents, guardians, and other caretakers are not clear, some teens do not develop a conscience or feel obligated to do what is right. • These teens need mentors to help them examine the difference between right and wrong behaviors.
Why Some Teens Challenge Authority and Break Laws • Unclear expectations • A mentor is a responsible person who guides another person. • When troubled teens have a mentor, they have someone to whom they are accountable.
Why Some Teens Challenge Authority and Break Laws • Peer influences • In the second stage of moral development, people are motivated to behave in ways that gain approval. • If members of a person’s peer group respect authority and obey laws, that person is likely to behave in the same way.
Why Some Teens Challenge Authority and Break Laws • Lacking principles • People develop a set of principles to guide their behaviors in the third stage of moral development. • Some teens put their rights first and do not consider the effects of their actions on others. • Teens who have no principles to guide their behaviors get themselves into trouble and might become juvenile offenders.
Juvenile Offenders • A juvenile offender is a minor who commits a criminal act. • Juvenile offenders are involved in delinquent behavior. • Delinquent behavior is an illegal action committed by a juvenile, including serious crimes, such as homicide, rape, drug trafficking, prostitution, robbery, assault, burglary, auto theft, and arson.
Juvenile Offenders • Delinquent behavior also includes status offenses. • Status offenses are types of behavior for which an adult would not be arrested, such as truancy, alcohol use, running away, defying parents or guardians, and breaking curfew.
What to Know About Juvenile Offenders • Many juvenile offenders who are arrested stop committing crimes and do not become repeat offenders. • Rehabilitation of juvenile offenders is the process of helping juvenile offenders change wrong behaviors into responsible behaviors.
What to Know About Juvenile Offenders • Being placed on probation • Probation is a sentence in which an offender remains in the community under the supervision of a probation officer for a specific period of time. • Probation, the most common sentence that judges use for juvenile offenders, sets restrictions and conditions for juvenile offenders.
What to Know About Juvenile Offenders • Being placed on probation • Juvenile offenders may be ordered to obey laws, obey parents or a guardian, attend school, avoid contact with other juvenile offenders, take drug tests, and make some form of restitution. • Restitution is making up for what has been taken, damaged, hurt, or done.
What to Know About Juvenile Offenders • Spending time in a correctional facility • Juvenile offenders who engage in illegal behavior or violate the terms of their probation may be sent to a correctional facility. • Juvenile detention is the temporary physical restriction of juveniles in special facilities until the outcome of their legal cases are decided.
What to Know About Juvenile Offenders • Spending time in a correctional facility • Detention centers, or juvenile halls, are secure custody facilities where juvenile offenders are kept. • Juvenile offenders are held in detention centers for a period of several hours to 90 days.
What to Know About Juvenile Offenders • Spending time in prison • A prison is a building, usually with cells, where convicted criminals stay. • Many states have changed their laws so that teens as young as 14 years old can be tried as adults for any crime.
What to Know About Juvenile Offenders • Experiencing a diversion approach • Diversion is an approach to rehabilitation that involves sending juvenile offenders somewhere to learn how to obey laws. • Juvenile offenders may be sent to social agencies, substance abuse clinics, crisis intervention programs, and/or runaway shelters.
What to Know About Juvenile Offenders • Going to boot camp • Boot camp is a camp that uses rigorous drills, hard physical training, and structure to teach discipline and obedience. • Juvenile offenders often end up in boot camp in exchange for reduced sentences.
What to Know About Juvenile Offenders • Being paroled and being involved in aftercare • Parole is a conditional release from a sentence in a correctional facility. • Aftercare is support and supervised services that juvenile offenders receive when they are released to live and interact in the community. • Juvenile offenders who do not follow the conditions of their parole are returned to correctional facilities.
How Teens Who Have Been Juvenile Offenders Can Change Their Behaviors • Improve difficult family relationships or find a supportive substitute family. • Spend time with a mentor. • Ask trusted adults for feedback on behavior. • Work to improve self-respect. • Attend a support group. •Choose friends who obey laws. • Make restitution for wrong actions. • Become involved in school activities. • Develop job-related skills. • Volunteer in the community. • Avoid alcohol and other drugs.
Study Guide 1. Match the following terms and definitions. ___ aftercare ___ parole ___ rehabilitation ___ restitution ___ law A. a rule of conduct or action recognized to be binding B. support and supervised services that juvenile offenders receive when they are released C. making up for what has been taken, hurt, damaged, or done D. the process of helping juvenile offenders change wrong behaviors into responsible behaviors E. a conditional release from a sentence in a correctional facility B E D C A
Study Guide 2. Identify the following statements as true or false. _______ Restitution is the most common sentence that judges use for juvenile offenders. _______ Juvenile offenders are involved in delinquent behavior. _______ Juvenile offenders often end up in boot camp in exchange for reduced sentences. _______ In the first stage of moral development, right and wrong are learned based upon behaviors that are rewarded or punished. false true true true
Study Guide 3. List three reasons why some teens challenge authority and break laws. Three reasons why some teens challenge authority and break laws include unclear expectations placed upon them, they succumb to peer influences, and they lack principles.
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