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Innovative Fertilizer: Urban Waste, Bio-chard and Farm Residues for Soil Fertility

The RESAFE project aims to demonstrate the production and use of innovative fertilizers made from urban waste, bio-chard, and farm residues as a substitute for chemical fertilizers. The project focuses on reducing salinity and improving soil fertility through the technological processing of organic materials. This text provides an overview of the project's objectives, actions, and analysis conducted by CEBAS-CSIC.

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Innovative Fertilizer: Urban Waste, Bio-chard and Farm Residues for Soil Fertility

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  1. RESAFE LIFE (2014-2016) Project LIFE12 ENV/IT/000356 “Innovative fertilizer from urban waste, bio-chard and farm residues as substitute of chemical fertilizers" (RESAFE) PARTNER CSIC (CEBAS-CSIC) July, Murcia (Spain), 2014

  2. OUR INSTITUT: CEBAS Centro de Edafología y BiologíaAplicada del Segura CEBAS-CSIC (Murcia, Spain) CEBAS CAMPUS UNIVERSITARIO CSIC

  3. Facilities (CEBAS-CSIC) PILOT PLANT GROWTH CHAMBERS CEBAS LABORATORIES EXPERIMENTAL FIELD

  4. RESAFE (LIFE PROJECT) CEBAS-CSIC (RESAFE) Dr. Carlos Garcia Dra. Teresa Hernández Dr. J. Moreno Dr. Felipe Bastida Lcda. Mª Dolores Coll Lcda. Carmen Chocano Dña. Irene Piñera D. Alberto Lucas

  5. SOIL AND ORGANIC MATTER Lithological material Topography Climate SOIL Bioticcommunity ORGANIC MATTER: i) A source of nutrientsforplants.ii) Waterretention; iii) Buffer action; iv) Control of cationexchange; v) Reduction of pollutanttoxiceffects; vi) Improvement of soilaggregation ORGANIC MATTER IMPROVES CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SOIL PROPERTIES

  6. RESAFE PROJECTS ORGANIC FERTILIZERS FOR SOILS IMPORTANT ASPECTS ABOUT ORGANIC AMENDMENTS-FERTILIZERS • QUANTITY OF POLLUTANTS • (HEAVY METALS, SALINITY, PATHOGENS…) • 2) WHERE AND HOW IT SHOULD BE USED RESAFE: Compost, biochar • Mixtures betweensomeorganicmaterials. Addedvalue: VAP addition (Vegetable active principles, VAP) • 2) STABILIZATION PROCESS WITHOUT TURNING CYCLES

  7. ORGANICS FOR SOIL-PLANT SYSTEM Toincreasesoil quality, fertility and productivity EDAPHIC BIOSTIMULANT To increase micror-ganisms such as aero- bic bacteria, micorri-zation,… To increase metabolic activity in the Soil (Soil Respiration) SOIL BIOLOGICAL QUALITY

  8. CEBAS-CSIC GROUP: RESAFE WHAT CEBAS-CSIC GROUP DO IN THE RESAFE PROJECT?? RESAFE: Soilfertility. The RESAFE Project willdemonstratetheproduction and use of fertilizerscharacterisedbyreducedsalinity in order to substitutechemicals and mineral fertilizerstrough a techologicalroutebasedonurbanorganicwaste, biochard and farmorganicresiduesprocessing. ACTION B3 B5:IMPLEMENTATION ACTIONS. DEMOSTRATION of HQORBP production at (pilot) semi-industrial scale. DEMOSTRATION OF AGRICULTURE APPLICATION IN SPAIN ACTION C4 and C6. Monitoring of environmentalbenefit of agricultureapplication in Spain Monitoring of thecnical-socio-economicassesment ACTION D. COMMUNICATION AND DISSEMINATION ACTIONS D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D9, D10, D11, D12:Communication and disseminationactions ACTION E1:Coordination

  9. ACTIONS FOR RESAFE IN SPAIN ACTIONS TO BE CARRIED OUT BY CEBAS RESAFE: Soilfertility. The RESAFE Project willdemonstratetheproduction and use of fertilizerscharacterisedbyreducedsalinity in order to substitutechemicals and mineral fertilizerstrough a techologicalroutebasedonurbanorganicwaste, biochard and farmorganicresiduesprocessing. ANALYSIS ON SAMPLES (CEBAS-CSIC): Onorganicmaterials and organicfertilizers: Italy, Spain and Cyprus (B1, B2 and B3)

  10. ANALYSIS SAMPLES (RESAFE) CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS MATERIALS INFORMATION

  11. RESAFE PROJECT IN SPAIN Laboratories (CEBAS-CSIC) Controlledgrowth chambers

  12. RESAFE (LIFE) pH values: 6-8. Thesevalues are typicalfororganicamendments. Only BIOCHAR showed a pH values in thebasicrange (10-12). ECshowedvaluesbetween 2-6 mS/cm. BIOCHAR showedthelowest EC values

  13. RESAFE (LIFE) Allorganicmaterials (UOW and FOR) showedorganicmatter (organiccarbon) Between 15-50%; and total nitrogen (1--5%). BIOCHAR showedthehighestorganic C content, but this material has an OM qualitydifferent to theotherwastes (stabilizedorganicmatter)

  14. RESAFE (LIFE) SOIL ENZYMES versus SOIL FERTILITY • Enzymes are proteinswhichhave a key role in soilfunctionality. • They are involved in themaincycles of elementssuch as C, N, P and S. A lot of processes in soil are carriedoutbyenzymes (degradation of organicwastes, oxidation of organicmatter, …). • Soilenzymes can be bioindicators of thepotential of a soil to carryoutspecificbiochemicalreactions in order to maintainsoilfertility. Burns, 1982 E E E E E+ S E E-S E+ P E E Enzyme-substractcomplex (soluble ornot soluble) Notproliferantcells Células vivas E E E E E E Deadcells and cellular wastes Arcillas y coloides húmicos E

  15. RESAFE (LIFE) Enzyme activities Dheydrogenase enzymes catalyze the oxidation of organic compounds with the removal of two hydrogen atoms that are transferred to the molecule of NAD+ R-H2 + NAD+ NADH + R + H+ Indicator of global microbial metabolism b-Glucosidase enzymes catalyze the final limiting step of cellulose degradation Carbon cycle Phosphatase enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of various organic phosphate esters Phosphorus cycle R-O-PO32- + H2O R-O-H + HO-PO32-

  16. RESAFE (LIFE) B-Glucosidaseis a hydrolaseincluded in the C cycle. Itisimportantforsoilquality. BIOCHAR and ES-UOW samplesshowedthelowestvaluesforthisenzyme. ES-FOR and particularly, CY-UOW showedthehighestvalues of β-glucosidase activityindicatingmany C sourcesavailablesformicroorganisms.

  17. RESAFE (LIFE) Phosphataseactivity: hydrolase of P cycle. Ithydrolizesorganic P to inorganic P, available to plants. Biochard showedthelowestvalues of phsphataseactivity and IT-FOR thehighestactivityvalues.

  18. RESAFE (LIFE) The degradation of organicmatteris a property of allheterotrophs, and itsrateiscommonlyused to indicatethelevel of microbialactivity A negativeeffectwasobservedforsoilmicrobialrespirationin BIOCHAR and UOW (ES and IT) samples. Itcould be due to someinhibitionproblem (EC, toxiccompounds,…), orthescarce of available C formicroorganisms

  19. RESAFE PROJECT (6 months) PLANT TESTS (Petri dishes)

  20. RESAFE (LIFE) Somebiostimulanteffectshas beenobserved in soilswithorganicmaterials. A possiblephyto- hormonal effectcould be responsible of thiseffect. Salinity (EC) and/orsomephytotoxiccompunds can be responsibleforthenegativeeffectongerminationIndex.

  21. RESAFE (LIFE) Somebiostimulanteffectshas beendetected in soilswithorganicmaterials. A possiblephyto- hormonal effectcould be responsible of thiseffect. Salinity (EC) and/orsomephytotoxiccompunds can be responsible of thenegativeeffectongerminationIndex.

  22. Microbialbiomass: PhosphoLipidFattyAcids (PLFAs) Microbialbiomass C and N (Powlson et al., 1987) ATP, Ergosterol, etc. PhosphoLipidFattyAcids (PLFAs) Bligh & Dyer, 1959 Frostegard et al., 1993

  23. RESAFE (LIFE) PFLA Extraction Trace GC Ultra Lipidfractions

  24. RESAFE (LIFE) BIOCHAR showed no microbialpopulation. In therestorganicwastes, Bacteria>> fungi>> actinomicetes

  25. RESAFE (LIFE) LABORATORY ASSAY (Containerswith 75 litre)

  26. RESAFE (LIFE) • ES-UF/UFV/UFVB-60/40-1 for container 1 (3) • ES-UF/UFV/UFVB-60/40-2 for container 2 (3) • ES-UF/UFV/UFVB-55/45-3 for container 3 (3) TIME: 0, 20 days, 40 days and 60 days VAP CONSERVATION For VAP conservation you must: -- Keep the box closed, in a dry place, far from light or heat source -- Put the box with label on the top surface -- Use only the quantity you need -- If you do not finish the VAP product, close the box after use taking away all air (reduce the box) VAPs suffer for air and light

  27. MIXTURES preparation: * UOW (semi-compost) 60% * FOR (fresh material) 40% * BIOCHAR: 10% --- VAP: 3-4 kg

  28. Containerswiththe mixtures at 0, 20, 40 and 60 days. No light and temperature 26ºC Samplingaccording to UNIRO and ENEA

  29. SAMPLING Samplesobtained at 20 days (samplesweretakenaccording to theproposalforallpartners)

  30. CEBAS-CSIC GROUP: RESAFE WHAT CEBAS GROUP WILL DO IN THE RESAFE PROJECT • ACTIONS: MONITORING ON AMENDED SOILS (B5 AND C4). • CEBAS willcarryouttheproduction of organic material according to theobtainedresults. (1000-1500 kg). Thisorganic material will be usedon • plantexperiments at fieldlevel • Onamendedsoils: initialpoint and at theend of eachcrop • -- Biologicalanalysis: fractionlabile C, Soilrespiration • --Biochemicalparameters: enzymeactivities • -- Microbialcommunity: PFLA,s (this parameterscould be measured in somesamples) PhosphoLipidFattyAcids • Socio-economicimpact of theproject.

  31. CEBAS-CSIC GROUP: RESAFE Forcereals: Las TIESAS field, (ITAP, Albacete) ABARAN fieldexperiment (forhorticultureexperiments)

  32. CEBAS WORKING GROUP THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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