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HKIN 103 section 002

HKIN 103 section 002. G. Barry Legh Rm 209, Osborne Unit II Barry.legh@ubc.ca. HKIN 103. HKIN 103. HKIN 103 Introduction . YOU are responsible for pre-reading your labs each week. They are self-directed. Labs are due at the BEGINNING of the following lab session.

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HKIN 103 section 002

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  1. HKIN 103 section 002 G. Barry Legh Rm 209, Osborne Unit II Barry.legh@ubc.ca

  2. HKIN 103

  3. HKIN 103

  4. HKIN 103 Introduction • YOU are responsible for pre-reading your labs each week. They are self-directed. • Labs are due at the BEGINNING of the following lab session. • Labs, course outline, PP slides are downloadable from : HKIN website- our people - click on my picture, select hkin 103, select …

  5. HKIN 103 Introduction • The PP slides ARE NOT course notes - they are an outline. • class lectures material is examinable. • The readings from the text are examinable. • Midterm dates and the ‘final’ date (when published) are immutable. • Exams will be multiple choice • There will be NO extra papers to help bring your grade up!

  6. HKIN 103 Introduction • Write a terse and lucid explication of why you chose HKIN as your University Academic Unit. (75 words maximum)

  7. HKIN 103 - Introduction Subject: male, 20 yrs., Given the following; THR = [( MHR - RHR) *0.80] + RHR Where RHR = 45 bpm; THR = 165 bpm; Solve for MHR = _______

  8. HKIN 103 • UNIT 1 • Health, Wellness and Physical Activity

  9. Health, Wellness & Physical Activity • Will Physical Activity allow us to live longer? • Will Physical activity allow us to avoid disease states? • Will Physical Activity allow us to perform better academically?

  10. HKIN 103 - Health, Wellness and Fitness • Define HEALTH • Health:Optimal well-being that contributes to one’s quality of life. It is more than just freedom from disease. Health encompasses physical, mental, social, emotional, environmental, occupational and spiritual issues. • W.H.O.

  11. HKIN 103 - Health, Wellness and Fitness Health Goals: • Improve the length and quality of life of Canadians • Eliminate Health inequalities among Canadians How??

  12. From: annual meeting of Federal, Provincial and Territorial Health Ministers, October, 2005 Seek a 20% increase in Canadians who are physically active, eat healthily, and are at healthy body weight. • 1 Participation and influence in society • 2 Economic and social security • 3 Secure and favourable conditions during childhood and adolescence • 4 Healthier working life • 5 Healthy and safe environments and products • 6 Health and medical care that more actively promotes health • 7 Effective protection against communicable diseases • 8 Safe sexuality and good reproductive health • 9 Increased physical activity • 10 Good eating habits and safe food • 11 Reduced use of tobacco and illicit drugs, misuse of alcohol, a society free from doping, and a reduction in the harmful effects of excessive gambling.

  13. Health, Wellness and Fitness • Define WELLNESS • The integration of intellectual, social, mental, physical, emotional and spiritual components to expand one’s potential to live and work effectively, and make a significant contribution to society. It reflects how one feels about life as well as the ability to function effectively.

  14. The Dimensions of Health and Wellness - + Happy Depressed Emotional-Mental Informed Intellectual Ignorant Fit Physical Unfit Involved Social Lonely Fulfilled Spiritual Unfulfilled Negative Total Outlook Positive

  15. Health, Wellness and Fitness • Define Physical Fitness • It is the body’s ability to function efficiently and effectively. It consists of five health related and six skill related components. It is associated with a persons ability to work effectively, enjoy leisure time, be healthy, resist hypo-kinetic diseases, and meet emergency situations.

  16. Health, Wellness and Fitness 5 health related goals • Body composition • Cardiovascular fitness • Flexibility • Muscular strength • Muscular endurance

  17. Health, Wellness and Fitness 6 skill related goals • Agility • Balance • Coordination • Power • Reaction time • speed

  18. Health, Wellness and Fitness What other factors impact on Health and Wellness? • Heredity • Environment • Access to medical care

  19. Health & Longevity. • Will physical activity increase our lifespan?

  20. Hereditary Diseases • Cystic Fibrosis(1/2500 caucasians, 1/32000 asians) • Sickle-cell anemia(1/375 blacks) • Huntington’s disease(1/20000 W.Europeans, 1/million africans/asians) • Marfan’s Syndrome (1/5000) • Haemophilia and many others

  21. Environmental Diseases • Multiple Sclerosis (MS): • Peculiar to higher latitudes • Congestive Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): 10 deaths/100000 in southern Europe, 30 deaths / 100000 in northern Europe. 51% of cases are female.

  22. Increased morbity from Lack of Access to Medical assistance • BC Cancer Agency (2003) • Relative incidence of cancer in: • Vancouver - .87 • Fraser valley - .97 • Vancouver Isle - 1.03 • Interior - 1.08 • Northern BC - 1.09 • Vs Provincial Avg. @ 1.00

  23. Increased morbity from Lack of Access to Medical assistance • BC Cancer Agency (2003) • Survival rates from breast / lung cancer as % • Vancouver - 90/17 • Fraser valley - 88/16 • Vancouver Isle - 88/17 • Interior - 89/17 • Northern BC - 83/11

  24. Major diseases causing death, ranked 1 - 10 • 2000 cause 1900 cause 1 heart disease 1 pneumonia 2 Cancer 2 Tuberculosis 3 Stroke 3 Diarrhia 4 COPD 4 Heart disease 5 accidents 5 stroke 6 diabetes 6 liver disease 7 Pneum/flu 7 accidents/injuries 8 Alzheimer’s 8 cancer 9 Kidney disease 9 senility 10 Septicemia 10 diphtheria

  25. Agents of Death in USA • Tobacco use 18.1% • Inactivity 16.6% • Alcohol consumption 3.5% • Microbial agents 3.1% • Toxic agents 2.8% • Motor vehicles 1.8% • Firearms 1.7% • Sexual behavior 0.8% • Illicit drug use 0.7%

  26. Causes of Death in Canada

  27. 62% of Canadians are physically inactive

  28. In 2004, over 2 million Canadians have diabetes, 90 – 95% are T2D. • By 2030, estimates are 3.5 million Canadians will have Diabetes. • The annual cost of Diabetes is estimated at $9 – 13.2 billion dollars.

  29. Physical inactivity leads to over 25 chronic diseases • In 2000, 334,144 deaths due to physical inactivity in USA (CDC, 2003): a 30% increase from 1986 • In 2002, W.H.O. estimated 2 million deaths worldwide from physical inactivity

  30. Sedentary Death Syndrome (SeDS) • “Exercise is a treatment to attenuate disease symptoms, whereas physical inactivity is the actual cause of the disease” [Lees & Booth, (2004) CJAP,vol 29:4]

  31. Sedentary Death Syndrome (SeDS) • Inactivitycauses the • Diseasewhich causes DEATH

  32. Conditions resulting from Sedentary lifestyle • Angina,heart attack,coronary artery disease • Stroke, Peripheral vascular disease • Breast cancer, Colon cancer, Prostate cancer • Congestive heart failure • Depression, Less cognitive function • Gallstone disease Pancreatic cancer • High blood triglyceride, High blood cholesterol • Hypertension, Low blood HDL • Type 2 diabetes • Obesity (more difficult time with weight control) • Osteoporosis, Stiff joints, Physical frailty • Premature mortality • Sleep apnea • Chronic back pain • Falls resulting in broken hips

  33. Physical Activity • No single activity provides all the benefits • In some cases, one type of activity can substitute for others • Something is better than nothing • But really, how much is enough??

  34. Current ACSM/CDC Recommendations • “Every U.S. adult should accumulate 30 minutes or more of moderate-intensity physical activity on most, preferably all, days of the week”. Surgeon General’s Report on Physical Activity and Health: http://www.cdc.gov.nccdphp/sgr/sgr.htm

  35. Lesion in artery wall where the thrombosis starts Arteriosclerotic plaque - cholesterol deposit

  36. Atherosclerosis/Arteriosclerosis • Atherosclerosis: (hard fat) fatty deposits on the walls of the arteries. • Arteriosclerosis: (hard artery) Plaque and calcium deposits in the walls of the arteries. • Plaque: dry and hardened deposits of cholesterol (LDL-C) on the intima of the artery, or deposit build up at the sight of a lesion of the intima

  37. Atherosclerosis/Arteriosclerosis • Cholesterol: • Cylclomicrons • High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-c) • Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-c) • Very Low Density lipoprotein (VLDL) • Intermediate Density lipoprotein (IDL) • Cyclomicrons carry dietary triglycerides to the liver, adipose and muscles. Remnants are taken up by liver and VLDL is released carrying more of the triglycerides to the cells. • HDL + lipoprotein lipase react with VLDL to release triglycerides carried from liver to cells. VLDL becomes IDL(mostly endogenous cholesterol), Which reacts with LDL-c(endogenous cholesterol) to produce HDL-c which acts as a ‘reverse transport’ carrying cholesterol from cells back to the liver.

  38. DIETARY TRIGLYC. LDL-c + IDL Triglycerides from muscle to liver HDL-c 50% LIVER 50% CYCLOMYCRONS REMNANTS VLDL HDL-c + lipase LIPASES IDL TRIGLYC. To adipose &muscle

  39. Cholesterol Levels • High HDL-c levels are beneficial: • Removes LDL-c with endogenous cholesterol that leads to plaquing of arteries. • Helps transport triglycerides to cells for aerobic metabolism and storage. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) break down the triglycerides to FFA’s & protein. • Exercise increases levels of LPL, which increases levels of HDL-c

  40. BONE DENSITY • Osteopaenia/ Osteoporosis • Loss of Bone mineral (predominantly Ca++) • Causes by a lack of stress on the bones. • Three major sites: wrist, femoral neck, lumbar spine. • The M.E.S.

  41. Bone Density • To stop, or slow loss of BMD, • Random, high intensity movements. • Increase Ca++ intake to 1 gram/day • Increase Vit. D intake to >800 IU / day • Aerobic activity will not do it! • Calcium supplementation will not do it!

  42. Adherence to Healthy Lifestyles • Enabling factors: • Goal setting • Self-assessment • Self-monitoring • Self-planning • Performance skills • Coping skills • Consumer skills • Time management

  43. Adherence to Healthy Lifestyles • Reinforcing factors: • Success • Family support • Peer support • Support of health professionals

  44. Adherence to Healthy Lifestyles • Females drop out of sport at a rate of 11% / yr from 12 - 17 years of age. • A ten year old female athlete has a 10% chance of still being involved at age 20 years. • 95% of female smokers started before 18 years of age.

  45. Adherence to Healthy Lifestyles • Males stay active longer than females -(why?). • Males stay in organized sport longer than females - (why?)

  46. Adherence to Healthy Lifestyles • Males stay physically active because: • Different endocrinology than females • Different genome evolution: the hunter -gatherer • Other?

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