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The 13 th Colony

The 13 th Colony. Alcorn, MS Public Schools Summer 2009. The Colonization of Georgia. Great Britain claimed Georgia in 1663. In 1717 Sir Robert Montgomery two other investors wanted to create the “ Margravate of Azilia ” Not enough financial backing . James Edward Oglethorpe.

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The 13 th Colony

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  1. The 13th Colony Alcorn, MS Public Schools Summer 2009 Dr. Teresa Ann Jacobs

  2. The Colonization of Georgia • Great Britain claimed Georgia in 1663. • In 1717 Sir Robert Montgomery two other investors wanted to create the “Margravate of Azilia” • Not enough financial backing Dr. Teresa Ann Jacobs

  3. James Edward Oglethorpe • Born in London 1696 • Well Educated • Wealthy • 1722 became member of Parliament • Committee to study prison reform • Friend, Robert Castell died in prison because he couldn’t pay his debts Dr. Teresa Ann Jacobs

  4. The Voyage The “Ann” sailed from England with 114 people on a voyage that took 88 days. The “Ann” also carried sheep, hogs, ducks, geese, and several dogs. Two deaths were reported on the voyage, both infants. Dr. Teresa Ann Jacobs

  5. A Dream Becomes a Reality http://www.cummingmapsociety.org/18thC_Maps.htm

  6. Welcome to Savannah Peter Gordon, 1734

  7. Tything (10 Lots) Tything (10 Lots) James Edward Oglethorpe laid out a 2.2 square mile tract in 1733 as the site of Savannah. Once this was done, he began laying out the city using a system of wards. From 1733 to 1856, a total of 24 wards were laid out. Trust Lots (2) Trust Lots (2) Tything (10 Lots) Tything (10 Lots) Dr. Teresa Ann Jacobs

  8. Francis Moore described the regional dimensions of the city in the following 18th Century account: “Every freeholder has a Lott in Town 60 foot by 90 foot, besides which he has a Lott beyond the Common, of 5 Acres for a Garden…Each freeholder…has a Lott of farm of 45 acres… and two out of every twelve…are reserved by the Trustees in order to defray the Charge of the Publick…Where the town-Lands and gardens and farms end, the Villages begin…Beyond the Villages, commence Lotts of 500 Acres; These are granted upon Terms of keeping 10 servants…There is near Town, to the East, a Garden belonging to the Trustees, consisting of 10 Acres.” Dr. Teresa Ann Jacobs

  9. Savannah’s Squares Dr. Teresa Ann Jacobs

  10. Franklin Ellis Johnson Reynolds Warren Wash- ington Liberty 1799 Heathcote 1733 Percival 1733 Anson 1742 Columbia 1799 Greene 1791 Liberty Telfair Wright Oglethorpe Columbia Greene Savannah Wards and Streets Elbert 1801 Jackson 1815 Brown 1815 1752 Elbert Orleans Chippewa ColonialPark Cemetery Crawford Pulaski 1837 Jasper 1837 Lafayette 1837 Troup 1851 Pulaski Madison Lafayette Troup Chatham 1840 Monterey 1847 Calhoun 1851 Wesley 1851 Chatham Monterey Calhoun Whitefield Montgomery Street Barnard Street Bull Street Abercorn Street Habersham Street Houston Street Dr. Teresa Ann Jacobs

  11. Franklin Ward, Franklin Square (Benjamin Franklin): A lost square, Franklin was later reclaimed. Liberty Ward, Liberty Square (freedom, Liberty Boys): Liberty is a lost square. Elbert Ward, Elbert Square (Samuel Elbert, patriot & governor of Georgia): Elbert is a lost square. Montgomery Street

  12. Decker Ward, Ellis Square (1733- Sir Matthew Decker, trustee, and Henry Ellis, GA’s 2nd royal governor): Once the site of City Market, Ellis Square has been a parking garage since 1954. Heathcote Ward, Telfair Square (1733- George Heathcote, trustee, and the Telfair family): Telfair Square was originally St. James’s Square. It is one of two squares whose names were changed. Jackson Ward, Orleans Square (1815- Andrew Jackson, Battle of New Orleans): This square has a fountain and decorative stone benches. Pulaski Ward, Pulaski Square (1837- Gen. Casimir Pulaski). Chatham Ward, Chatham Square (1840s- William Pitt, Earl of Chatham). Barnard Street

  13. Derby Ward, Johnson Square (1733- James Derby, trustee, and Robert Johnson, SC’s royal governor): The Nathaniel Greene Monument is located in this square. Percival Ward, Wright Square (1733- first president of the trustees, and James Wright, GA’s 3rd royal governor): Originally Egmont Square, Wright square holds the William Washington Gordon Monument and Tomochichi’s Rock. Brown Ward, Chippewa Square (1815- Gen. Jacob Jennings Brown, Battle of Chippewa):The Oglethorpe Monument, created by Daniel Chester French and Henry Bacon, is located in Chippewa Square. Jasper Ward, Madison Square (1837- Sgt. William Jasper, President James Madison): A monument honoring Sgt. William Jasper is located in Madison Square. Cannon marking the colonial road to Darien are also located here. Monterey Ward, Monterey Square (1847- Mexican War battle): Monterey Square holds the Pulaski Monument. Pulaski, like Jasper, fell during the Siege of Savannah. Bull Street

  14. Reynolds Ward, Reynolds Square (1734- John Reynolds, 1st royal governor of GA): Reynolds Square is the site of the Wesley Monument which honors the founder of Methodism. Anson Ward, Oglethorpe Square (1742- Admiral George Anson, General James Edward Oglethorpe). An interruption to the city plan occurs on Abercorn Street. Lafayette Ward, Lafayette Square (1837- Revolutionary War hero): A sundial and fountain are found in Lafayette Square. Calhoun Ward, Calhoun Square (1851- John C. Calhoun, senator and Secretary of War under President Madison). Massie School Abercorn Street

  15. Warren Ward, Warren Square (1790- Gen. Joseph Warren, killed at the Battle of Bunker Hill). Columbia Ward, Columbia Square (1799- figurative name for America). Columbia Square holds a fountain relocated from Wormsloe Plantation. An interruption to the city plan occurs on Habersham Street. Troup Ward, Troup Square (1851- George Michael Troup, GA governor & US senator): Troup Square features an armillary sphere. This is one of only two squares named for living persons. Wesley Ward, Whitefield Square (1851- John Wesley, Founder of Methodism and George Whitefield, founder of Bethesda): This square is the location of a gazebo. Habersham Street

  16. Abercorn Street Habersham Street Colonial Park Cemetery occupies the space which should have been the third squares on Abercorn and Habersham Streets. Colonial Park Cemetery

  17. Washington Ward, Washington Square (1791- President George Washington). Greene Ward, Greene Square (1791- Gen. Nathanael Greene). Crawford Ward, Crawford Square (1841- William Harris Crawford, US senator, minister to France, Secretary of the Treasury, and presidential candidate). Sometimes called “the playground Square,” Crawford Square contains playground equipment and basketball courts. Houston Street

  18. Savannah is Monumental Dr. Teresa Ann Jacobs

  19. Nathanael Greene Monument – Johnson Square (1825) Nathanael Greene Monument – Johnson Square (1825) Greene was the only soldier other than Washington to hold the rank of general throughout the American Revolution. He was given Mulberry Grove Plantation as a reward for his services to the United States during the revolution. He died of a heat stroke in 1786. Greene was originally buried in Colonial Park. The monument originally honored both Greene and General Casimir Pulaski. Johnson Square was once known as “Monument Square.” Dr. Teresa Ann Jacobs

  20. William Washington Gordon Monument – Wright Square (1889) William Washington Gordon, the grandfather of Girl Scouts of America founder Juliette Gordon Low, was instrumental in the creation of the Central of Georgia Railroad. The erection of this monument necessitated the removal of another important memorial: the burial mound of Tomochichi’s burial mound. This boulder was later placed in the square in honor of Tomochichi. Dr. Teresa Ann Jacobs

  21. Oglethorpe Monument – Chippewa Square (1910) Sculptor Daniel Chester French created this statue of Georgia founder James Edward Oglethorpe. Henry O. Bacon contributed the stone work; the two men later collaborated on the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, DC. This monument required the removal of a fountain and busts of Confederate heroes Francis Bartow and Lafayette McLaws. The busts were relocated at the Confederate Monument in Forsyth Park. The Oglethorpe Monument tells the story of the founding of Georgia. Dr. Teresa Ann Jacobs

  22. Pulaski Monument – Monterey Square (1825) The cornerstone for this monument was laid in 1825; however, it was not completed until 1852. Like Sgt. Jasper, Pulaski was killed in the Siege of Savannah during the American Revolution. This monument also tells a story.

  23. Sgt. William Jasper Monument – Madison Square (1888) This monument, like the Oglethorpe Monument, tells a story. Revolutionary War hero Sgt. William Jasper was killed during the Siege of Savannah while trying to rescue his company’s colors. A pair of cannon are also found in Madison Square; they mark the beginning of the colonial road to Darien.

  24. Edmund N. Bacon, noted urban planner, said in his book Design of Cities that Savannah’s city plan is “So exalted that it remains one of the finest diagrams for city organization and growth in existence,” providing “a system of such order and clarity that it became the controlling element for the growth of Savannah for the next 120 years.” Dr. Teresa Ann Jacobs

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