REMEMBERING SOME OF THE LESSONS FROM 2013’S DISASTERS PART 2: TYPHOONS

1. REMEMBERING SOME OF THE LESSONS FROM 2013’S DISASTERSPART 2: TYPHOONS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA 

2. SUPER TYPHOON HAIYAN DEVASTATES THE PHILIPPINES; NOVEMBER 8-10, 2013

3. HAIYAN REACHED THE PHILIPPINES: FRIDAY, NOV. 8

4. LANDFALL ON FRIDAY MORNING, NOV. 8

5. CAUSES OF RISK WIND AND WATER PENETRATE BUILDING ENVELOPE UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM FLYING DEBRIS PENETRATES WINDOWS STORM SURGE TYPHOONS HEAVY PRECIPITATION CASE HISTORIES FLASH FLOODING (MUDFLOWS) LANDSLIDES (MUDFLOWS)

6. ONCE AGAIN, 2013’S DISASTERS DEMONSTRATED THAT IT USUALLY TAKES MULTIPLE DISASTERS BEFORE THE STRICKEN NATION ADOPTS POLICIES TO BECOME DISASTER RESILIENT MOST UNAFFECTED NATIONS USUALLY DON’T LEARN ANYTHING NEW AND DON’T CHANGE EXISTING POLICIES

7. A FLAWED PREMISE: ONE TYPHOON DISASTER ANYWHERE SHOULD BE ENOUGH TO MAKE ANY NATION SUSCEPTIBLE TO TYPHOONS ADOPT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES THAT WILL LEAD TO THEIR OWN TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCE

8. EXAMPLE: THE PHILIPPINES

9. THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES HAVE HAD MANYOPPORTUNITIES TO LEARN VITAL LESSONSFROM PAST TYPHOONS OF ALL SIZES MAKING LANDFALL THERE The Philippines has more than enough experience with typhoons for action.

10. A FLAWED PREMISE: BY NOW, THE PHILIPPINES SHOULD HAVE POLICIES IN PLACE FOR TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCE (i.e., A SUPER TYPHOON SHOULD NOT MAKE THAT MUCH DIFFERENCE WHEN THE POLICIES ARE RIGHT)

11. LESSON: THE TIMING OF ANTICIPATORY ACTIONS IS VITAL • The people who know: 1) what to expect (e.g., high-velocity winds, rain, flash floods, landslides, and storm surge),2) where and when it will happen, and 3) what they should (and should not) do to prepare will survive.

12. LESSON: TIMELY EARLY WARNING AND EVACUATION SAVES LIVES • The people who have timely early warning in conjunction with a community evacuation plan that facilitates getting out of harm’s way from the risks associated with storm surge, high winds, flooding, and landslides will survive.

13. LESSON: EMERGENCY MEDICAL PREPAREDNESS SAVES LIVES • Damaged hospitals and medical facilities combined with lack of clean drinking water, food, and medicine, and high levels of morbidity and mortality will quickly overrun the local community’s capacity for emergency health care.

14. LESSON: WIND ENGINEERED BUILDINGS SAVE LIVES • Buildings engineered to withstand the risks from a typhoon’s high velocity winds will maintain their function and protect occupants and users from death and injury.

15. LESSON: EMERGENCY RESPONSE SAVES LIVES • The “Uncontrollable and Unthinkable” events will always hinder the timing of emergency response operations.

16. LESSON: THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY ALWAYS PROVIDES AID • The International Community provides millions to billions of dollars in relief to most nations to help “pick up the pieces, ” but this strategy is not enough by itself to ensure disaster resilience.

17. HAIYAN: A SUPER TYPHOON

18. RATED AS PROBABLY THE STRONGEST TYPHOON EVER TO STRIKE THE PHILIPPINES

19. HAIYAN MOVED TOWARDS VIETNAM AND CHINA: SAT., NOV 9

20. ADVANCE EVACUATIONS • 800,000 people were evacuated to emergency shelters.

21. AN EVACUATION CENTER

22. FOUR HOURS OF FEAR AND DESTRUCTION • Winds flattened hundreds of homes. • Heavy rainfall triggered mudslides and flash flooding. • A storm surge with waves of up to 10 m (30 feet) destroyed everything, sweeping people away and drowning thousands.

23. AN AERIAL VIEW • It was like a tsunami," Interior Secretary Manuel Roxas told Reuters. • "From a helicopter, you can see the extent of devastation. From the shore and moving a kilometer inland, there are no structures standing.

24. DESTRUCTION EVERYWHERE

25. TACLOBAN (ON LEYTE ISLAND) HIT THE HARDEST

26. SURVIVOR STORIES • Survivors of the storm described towering waves that swept away all but the most robust engineered structures.

27. STORM SURGE

28. DESTRUCTION EVERYWHERE

29. DESTRUCTION EVERYWHERE

30. DESTRUCTION EVERYWHERE

31. DESTRUCTION AND DEATH EVERYWHERE

32. DESTRUCTION EVERYWHERE

33. TACLOBAN AIRPORT

34. INITIAL IMPACTS IN THE PHILIPPINES • Wide spread flooding, mudslides, and power outages • Winds of 380 kph (290 mph) • TACLOBAN hit very hard by the storm surge with many deaths • Tacloban’s airport destroyed

35. INITIAL IMPACTS IN THE PHILIPPINES • Loss of communication • An estimated 10,000 people dead • Economic losses in the billions

36. SURVIVOR NEEDS • Survivors are in desperate need of clean drinking water and food • Survivors temporarily cut off from aid, and from their families in the Philippines as well as in other countries (e.g., 3 million in the USA)

37. USA MILITARY FORCES DISPATCHED TO ASSIST IN WHAT BECAME A HISTORIC RELIEF EFFORT

38. Search and Rescue and Relief Efforts Were Hampered by Landslides and Damaged Road Systems LESSON: All Kinds of Things Will go Wrong During the Emergency Response Period When the Uncontrollable and Unthinkable Happen.

39. TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCE POLICIES AND MEASURES NEEDED BY MANY NATIONS Preparedness Adoption and Implementation of a Modern Wind Engineering Building Code Time,y Early Warning and Evacuation Timely Emergency Response (including Emergency Medical Services) Cost-Effective Recovery

40. WAYS TO ACCELERATE PROGRESS TOWARDS TYPHOON RESILIENCE EXPERIENCES WITH PREPAREDNESS EXPERIENCES WITH MONITORING AND WARNING INTEGRATE GLOBAL EXPERIENCES WITH YOUR EXPERIENCES EXPERIENCES WITH DISASTER SCENARIO PLANNING EXPERIENCES WITH RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION EXPERIENCES WITH PREVENTION, MITIGATION, AND ADAPTATION

41. THE CHALLENGE: POLICY CHANGES: CREATE, ADJUST, AND REALIGN PROGRAMS, PARTNERS AND PEOPLE UNTIL YOU HAVE CREATED THE KINDS OF TURNING POINTS NEEDED FOR MOVING TOWARDS TYPHOON RESILIENCE

42. TYPHOON HAZARDS • INVENTORY • VULNERABILITY • LOCATION • PREPAREDNESS • PROTECTION • FORECASTS/SCENARIOS • EMERGENCY RESPONSE • RECOVERY and • RECONSTRUCTION TYPHOON RISK POLICY OPTIONS ACCEPTABLE RISK RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCE DATA BASES AND INFORMATION COMMUNITIES HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

43. CREATING TURNING POINTS FOR TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCE USING EDUCATIONAL SURGES CONTAINING THE PAST AND PRESENT LESSONS TO FOSTER AND ACCELERATE THE CREATION OF TURNING POINTS

44. 2014--2020 IS A GOOD TIME FOR A GLOBAL SURGE IN EDUCATIONAL, TECHNICAL, HEALTH CARE, AND POLITICAL CAPACITY BUILDING IN ALL FIVE PILLARS OF COMMUNITY DISASTERRESILIENCE

45. CREATING TURNING POINTS FOR TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCE INTEGRATION OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS WITH POLITICAL SOLUTIONS FOR POLICIES ON PREPAREDNESS, PROTECTION, EARLY WARNING, EMERGENCY RESPONSE, AND RECOVERY

47. Real and Near- Real Time Monitoring Relocation/Rerouting of Cities and City Lifelines Enlighten Communities on Their Risks Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk Characterization Create a Hazard Zonation Map as a Policy Tool Build Strategic Equity Through Disaster Scenarios Involve Partners in Turning Point Experimemts Best Practices for Mitigation Adaptation and Monitoring Implement Modern Codes and Lifeline Standards Introduce New Technologies Situation Data Bases Multiply Capability by International Twinning Move Towards A Disaster Intelligent Community Cause & Effect Relationships Update Knowledge Bases After Each Disaster Anticipatory Actions for all Events and Situations Interfaces with all Real- and Near Real-Time Sources Gateways to a Deeper Understanding INTEGRATION OF TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL CONSIDERATIONS OPPORTUNITIES FOR TURNING POINTS: For Disaster Resilience on local, regional, national, and global scales THE KNOWLEDGE BASE APPLICATIONS EDUCATIONAL SURGES