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COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS

COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS. Instructor: Fatima Naseem Lecture # 01 fatima.naseem@uettaxila.edu.pk http://web.uettaxila.edu.pk/CMS/AUT2010/cpCFbs/index.asp. Course Book. “Introduction to Computers” by Peter Norton, 6th Edition. Contact. Fatima Naseem Room # 17, CED.

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COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS

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  1. COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS Instructor: Fatima Naseem Lecture # 01 fatima.naseem@uettaxila.edu.pk http://web.uettaxila.edu.pk/CMS/AUT2010/cpCFbs/index.asp

  2. Course Book • “Introduction to Computers” by Peter Norton, 6th Edition

  3. Contact • Fatima Naseem Room # 17, CED. fatima@uettaxila.edu.pk • Office Hours : Thursday 9.00 AM11.00 AM Monday 9.00 AM11.00 AM

  4. Grading Criteria • Quizzes (4-5) 10 Marks • Assignments (4-5) 10 Marks • Lab Work 20 Marks • Mid Semester 20 Marks • End Semester 40 Marks

  5. Policies • Everything will be announced on OCMS • The Lecture will always be on time, otherwise the changed schedule will be announced in advance • The quiz will not be delayed, no one should come to request for its delay • There will be no makeup quiz • Assignments have to be submitted on mentioned time, if submitted after 24 hrs of due time half marks shall be granted, after that zero marks will be given

  6. Chapter # 01 Introducing Computer Systems

  7. Chapter #1A EXPLORING COMPUTERS AND THEIR USES

  8. Overview • Computer Defined • Computers for Individual Users • Computers for Organizations • Computers in Society

  9. The Computer Defined • Electronic device • Converts data into information • Any computer regardless of its type, is controlled by instructions, which tell it what to do. • Digital Computers • Analogue Computers • Can be categorized on different basis

  10. Modern computers are digital • They are so called because they work by the numbers • Digital systems represent data as one distinct value or the other • Break all types of info into tiny units, works on them and again combine them to represent info • Work in a strict manner by processing these units individually and in organized way • Older computers were analog • A range of values made data • Somewhat more flexible but not necessarily more precise and reliable

  11. Computers For Individual Use • Some computers are meant to be used by one person at a time • This category includes: • Desktop computers • Workstations • Notebook computers • Tablet computers • Handheld computers • Smart phones • PCs are also called microcomputers for their size • Although used by individuals but can be part of networks

  12. Computers For Individual Use • Desktop computers • The most common type of computer • Sits on the desk or floor • Performs a variety of tasks • Has a system unit • Might be horizontal or vertical • Workstations • Specialized computers • Optimized for science or graphics • More powerful than a desktop

  13. Computers For Individual Use • Notebook computers • Small portable computers • Weighs between 3 and 8 pounds • About 8 ½ by 11 inches • Typically as powerful as a desktop • Can include a docking station

  14. Computers For Individual Use • Tablet computers • Newest development in portable computers • Input is through a pen called stylus or digital pen • Run specialized versions of office products

  15. Computers For Individual Use • Handheld computers • Very small computers • Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) • Note taking or contact management • Data can synchronize with a desktop • Smart phones • Hybrid of cell phone and PDA • Web surfing, e-mail access

  16. Computers For Organizations • Some computers handle the needs for many people at the same time • Such systems normally lie at the heart of organizations network • Some are generic and some are special purpose • People generally access them through terminals • They include: • Network Servers • Mainframe Computers • Minicomputers • Supercomputers

  17. Computers For Organizations • Network servers • Centralized computer • All other computers connect • Provides access to network resources • Multiple servers are called clusters or server farms • Often simply a powerful desktop • Or might be mounted on in large racks or reduced to small units called Blades • Different servers may have different purposes

  18. Computers For Organizations • Mainframes • Used in large organizations • Handle thousands of users • Users access through a terminal • Two types of terminals • Dumb terminal only for input and output data • Intelligent terminal performs some processing but usually doesn’t have any storage

  19. Computers For Organizations • Minicomputers • Called midrange computers • Power between mainframe and desktop • Handle hundreds of users • Used in smaller organizations • Users access through a terminal

  20. Computers For Organizations • Supercomputers • The most powerful computers made • Handle large and complex calculations • Process trillions of operations per second • Found in research organizations

  21. Computers In Society • More impact than any other invention • Changed work and leisure activities • Used by all demographic groups • Computers are important because: • Provide information to users • Information is critical to our society • Managing information is difficult

  22. Computers In Society • Computers at home • Many homes have multiple computers • Most American homes have Internet • Computers are used for • Business • Entertainment • Communication • Education

  23. Computers In Society • Computers in education • Computer literacy required at all levels • Computers in small business • Makes businesses more profitable • Allows owners to manage • Computers in industry • Computers are used to design products • Assembly lines are automated

  24. Computers In Society • Computers in government • Necessary to track data for population • Police officers • Tax calculation and collection • Governments were the first computer users

  25. Computers In Society • Computers in health care • Revolutionized health care • New treatments possible • Scheduling of patients has improved • Delivery of medicine is safer

  26. Chapter 1B Looking Inside the Computer System

  27. Overview • Parts of Computer System > Hardware > Software > Data > User • Information Processing Cycle • Essential Computer Hardware • Processing Devices • Memory Devices • RAM • ROM • Input and Output Devices • Storage Devices • Magnetic Storage • Optical Storage

  28. Parts of the Computer System • Computer systems have four parts • Hardware • Software • Data • User • Hardware • Mechanical devices in the computer • Anything that can be touched • Interconnected electronic devices used to control computer’s operations, input, output • Referred to as device

  29. Parts of the Computer System • Software • Set of instructions which make the computer work • Tell the computer what to do • Also called a program • Thousands of programs exist • Some to help computer perform its tasks and manage its resources, others to help users perform their tasks such as creating documents

  30. Parts of the Computer System • Data • Pieces of information that by themselves do not make much sense • Computer processes them in various ways, converting them to useful information • Computer organize and present data • Users • People operating the computer • Most important part • Tell the computer what to do • No system is completely autonomous

  31. Information Processing Cycle Steps followed to process data • A computer converts data into information by performing various operations on data according to some instructions from a program, displays results to user and stores them • This is called Information Processing Cycle • Following are the step, and each involves one or more specific components of computer • Input • Processing • Output • Storage optional

  32. Essential Computer Hardware • Computers use the same basic hardware • Hardware categorized into four types

  33. Essential Computer Hardware • Processing devices • Brains of the computer • Carries out instructions from the program • Manipulate the data • Most computers have several processors • Central Processing Unit (CPU) • Secondary processors • Processors made of silicon and copper

  34. Essential Computer Hardware • Memory devices • Stores data or programs • Random Access Memory (RAM) • Volatile • Stores current data and programs • More RAM results in a faster system • Read Only Memory (ROM) • Permanent storage of programs • Holds the computer boot directions

  35. Essential Computer Hardware • Input and output devices • Allows the user to interact • Input devices accept data • Keyboard, mouse • Output devices deliver data • Monitor, printer, speaker • Some devices are input and output • Touch screens

  36. Essential Computer Hardware • Storage devices • Hold data and programs permanently • Different from RAM • Magnetic storage • Floppy and hard drive • Uses a magnet to access data • Optical storage • CD and DVD drives • Uses a laser to access data

  37. Software Runs The Machine • Tells the computer what to do • Reason people purchase computers • Two types • System software • Application software

  38. Software Runs The Machine • System software • Most important software • Operating system • Windows XP • Network operating system (OS) • Windows Server 2003 • Utility • Symantec AntiVirus

  39. Software Runs The Machine • Application software • Accomplishes a specific task • Most common type of software • MS Word • Covers most common uses of computers

  40. Computer data • Fact with no meaning on its own • Stored using the binary number system • Data can be organized into files

  41. Computer users • Role depends on ability • Setup the system • Install software • Mange files • Maintain the system • “Userless” computers • Run with no user input • Automated systems

  42. Any Questions ?

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