The Turning Point

1. Ch11 Sec 4 The Turning Point

2. Vicksburg • Vicksburg, MS last CSA port on Mississippi River • Gen. Grantcommands union troops in on the Mississippi • Unable to capture the city

3. Jackson • Mid-April, 1863, Grant leaves Vicksburg and heads toward Jackson • Confederate race to protect Jackson • Grant gets there first, captures city and attacks Conf. army

4. Back to Vicksburg • Confederate retreat to Vicksburg • Grant sieges city • CSA surrender on July 4, 1863 • Union controls MS river, South cut in half.

5. Fredericksburg • Shortly after Union victory at Antietam, McClelland (USA) refuses to attack • Lincoln replaces him with Ambrose Burnside • Burnside enters VA with 122,000 men • Lee has 79,000. • Meet at Fredericksburg, VA

6. Fredericksburg • Burnside orders repeated charges up a hill at Lee’s army • Suffers heavy casualties (12,000- more than double the Conf. Casualties) • Lincoln fires Burnside and replaces him with Joseph Hooker

7. Chancellorsville • Hooker’s also wanted to get the CSA out of Fredericksburg • Divided army and tired to circle behind Lee and attack them from the rear • Lee realized what Hooker was doing • Lee divided his army, and went to attack Hooker • Lee then divided again and sent Thomas (Stonewall) Jackson around to attack Hooker from the rear • Hooker retreated

8. Chancellorsville • That night, Jackson goes out to scout • Mistakenly shot by his own men • Chancellorsville considered to be Lee’s greatest victory, but also costly (Jackson’s death)

9. Gettysburg • Lee now decides to invade the North • Enters Pennsylvania • Lincoln replace Hooker with George Meade • Meade follows Lee • Many Northerners want to end the war • Lee hopes by invading he will convince them to make peace

10. Gettysburg • July 1, 1863- Confederate troops enter Gettysburg • Looking for shoes not battle • Encounter Union Calvary • Both armies rush to Gettysburg when they hear gunfire • CSA take town • Union on Cemetery Ridge • CSA on Seminary Ridge • That night, Lee plans an attack for the morning

11. Gettysburg • James Longstreet (Lee’s 2nd in command) didn’t want to attack • Next day, he took all day to get ready and carry out his orders • Allowed Union Re-enforcements to arrive • As day 2 (July 2nd) continued, a gap opened in the Union line on Little Round Top (a hill on cemetery ridge) • Union and Conf troops rush to get to hill • Union get there first, force Conf to fall back

12. Gettysburg • Day 3 (July 3) • Lee’s plan is to attack the Union center • Before attack, CSA cannons fire on Union line • Union fire back • Largest use of cannons in war • Union cannons stop • CSA think cannons are destroyed • They are wrong

13. Gettysburg • Confederate attack Union center with 15,000 men • March across one mile of open ground • Union opens fire on Confederate • By end of the assault, about half of 15,000 men are casualties • Called Pickett’s Charge

14. Gettysburg • July 4- Confederate retreat • Costliest battle of war • Union casualties- 23,000 • Confederate casualties- 28,000 --Victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg were the turning point of the war

15. Gettysburg Address • November 1863 • Lincoln goes to Gettysburg to dedicate a military cemetery • Lincoln gave the Gettysburg Address