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Comprehensive Immunology Review Session for Quiz Preparation

Join us for a thorough review session to prepare for the quiz on the immune system. Topics covered include definitions, types of pathogens, immune responses, differentiation of white blood cells, and more. Engage in interactive learning activities to solidify your understanding.

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Comprehensive Immunology Review Session for Quiz Preparation

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Semester 1, Day 15 Immune System Continued

  2. Agenda • Review for Quiz • Take Quiz • Lecture on Immune System Continued • Turn in Homework Packet • Presentations • Reading/Work Time

  3. Review for Quiz • Definitions • Pathogens and Diseases they cause • Categorize pathogens as pro, eu, or neither • Types of transmission • Definition and example of vector • Three ways pathogens cause disease • Secondary infection vs. primary infection • Two types of nonspecific defenses. What is nonspecific? • Relate antibodies to vaccinations • Antibiotic vs. Antiviral

  4. Take Quiz

  5. Recall White Blood Cells (Leukocytes): Protect against disease Phagocytes: Engulf harmful invaders, general Lymphocytes: Immune response cells, specific Macrophage: Large phagocyte Neutrophils: Main phagocyte Helper T-Cell: Activate B-cells B-Cell: Produce antibodies

  6. Immune System • 2 Systems • Innate Immune Response (Nonspecific): rapid and broad • Adaptive Immune Response (Specific): slow but more effective • Vaccinations use AIR • Dead pathogens cause AIR to “learn” so it can have a faster response for live pathogens

  7. Immune System • Leukocytes: White blood cells • Leukemia is cancer in which white blood cells are not properly formed and results in poor immunity • Two Categories: phagocytes (innate) & lymphocytes (adaptive) • Phagocytes = ingesting • Neutrophils, Monocytes, Macrophages, Dendritic Cells, and Mast Cells • Lymphocytes = learning • T-Cells, B-Cells, and natural killer cells

  8. Immune System • Neutrophils: Most common white blood cell, first line of defense, INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM • Three steps: • Chemotaxis • Phagocytosis • Apoptosis

  9. Immune System • Chemotaxis • Pathogen makes chems. • Cells respond: produce proteins called chemokines • Chemokines recruit neutrophils

  10. Check For Understanding • If a cell produces high levels of chemokines, then… • No neutrophils be recruited • Few neutrophils be recruited • A moderate amount of neutrophils be recruited • Many neutrophils be recruited

  11. Immune System • Phagocytosis • Neutrophil IDs pathogen • Neu. ingests (swallows) path. • Neu.kills path. w/ toxic chems.

  12. Immune System • Apoptosis • Neutrophil does “programmed cell death”: Safely disposes of dead neu. w/ dead path, prevents more damage

  13. Vocabulary • Antigen: proteins on surface of paths. • Processed Antigen: prepared antigen • Antibody: a protein that fights a specific antigen • Activated B-Cell: “antibody factories” • Memory B-Cell: remember previous antigen interaction • Macrophage: a large phagocytic cell • Helper T-Cell: activates B-cells

  14. Immune System • Antibody Mediated Response • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQmaPwP0KRI

  15. Immune System • Antibody Mediated Response • Macrophage “eats” & processes antigen. • Gives PA to Helper T-Cell • HT-C gives PA to B-Cell to activate B-C • Activated B-Cs divide • Some make antibodies for now • Some stay as memory B-Cs for later

  16. Immune System • Passive Immunity: • Temp. protection • Antibodies from others • Ex. breast milk, blood • Active Immunity: • Through AMR • OR through vaccination • Deliberately expose body to dead pathogens

  17. Primary versus Secondary Response • Draw graph: • Vaccinations effective due to secondary immune response • More rapid response (steeper curve) • Greater response (larger hill)

  18. Using this information • Edit your story / skit using what you have learned about neutrophils • Chemotaxis: “recruitment” • Phagocytosis: “the fight” • Apoptosis: “sacrifice” • We will present tomorrow • Use immunity packet; will be collected at end of period

  19. Work/Reading Time • Read Section 39.2 • Section 39.2 #1-5 • Chapter 39 Review #8, 12, 13, 17-19

  20. Homework Due • Immune System Packet

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