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Semester 1, Day 15

Semester 1, Day 15. Immune System Continued. Agenda. Review for Quiz Take Quiz Lecture on Immune System Continued Turn in Homework Packet Presentations Reading/Work Time. Review for Quiz. Definitions Pathogens and Diseases they cause Categorize pathogens as pro, eu , or neither

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Semester 1, Day 15

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  1. Semester 1, Day 15 Immune System Continued

  2. Agenda • Review for Quiz • Take Quiz • Lecture on Immune System Continued • Turn in Homework Packet • Presentations • Reading/Work Time

  3. Review for Quiz • Definitions • Pathogens and Diseases they cause • Categorize pathogens as pro, eu, or neither • Types of transmission • Definition and example of vector • Three ways pathogens cause disease • Secondary infection vs. primary infection • Two types of nonspecific defenses. What is nonspecific? • Relate antibodies to vaccinations • Antibiotic vs. Antiviral

  4. Take Quiz

  5. Recall White Blood Cells (Leukocytes): Protect against disease Phagocytes: Engulf harmful invaders, general Lymphocytes: Immune response cells, specific Macrophage: Large phagocyte Neutrophils: Main phagocyte Helper T-Cell: Activate B-cells B-Cell: Produce antibodies

  6. Immune System • 2 Systems • Innate Immune Response (Nonspecific): rapid and broad • Adaptive Immune Response (Specific): slow but more effective • Vaccinations use AIR • Dead pathogens cause AIR to “learn” so it can have a faster response for live pathogens

  7. Immune System • Leukocytes: White blood cells • Leukemia is cancer in which white blood cells are not properly formed and results in poor immunity • Two Categories: phagocytes (innate) & lymphocytes (adaptive) • Phagocytes = ingesting • Neutrophils, Monocytes, Macrophages, Dendritic Cells, and Mast Cells • Lymphocytes = learning • T-Cells, B-Cells, and natural killer cells

  8. Immune System • Neutrophils: Most common white blood cell, first line of defense, INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM • Three steps: • Chemotaxis • Phagocytosis • Apoptosis

  9. Immune System • Chemotaxis • Pathogen makes chems. • Cells respond: produce proteins called chemokines • Chemokines recruit neutrophils

  10. Check For Understanding • If a cell produces high levels of chemokines, then… • No neutrophils be recruited • Few neutrophils be recruited • A moderate amount of neutrophils be recruited • Many neutrophils be recruited

  11. Immune System • Phagocytosis • Neutrophil IDs pathogen • Neu. ingests (swallows) path. • Neu.kills path. w/ toxic chems.

  12. Immune System • Apoptosis • Neutrophil does “programmed cell death”: Safely disposes of dead neu. w/ dead path, prevents more damage

  13. Vocabulary • Antigen: proteins on surface of paths. • Processed Antigen: prepared antigen • Antibody: a protein that fights a specific antigen • Activated B-Cell: “antibody factories” • Memory B-Cell: remember previous antigen interaction • Macrophage: a large phagocytic cell • Helper T-Cell: activates B-cells

  14. Immune System • Antibody Mediated Response • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQmaPwP0KRI

  15. Immune System • Antibody Mediated Response • Macrophage “eats” & processes antigen. • Gives PA to Helper T-Cell • HT-C gives PA to B-Cell to activate B-C • Activated B-Cs divide • Some make antibodies for now • Some stay as memory B-Cs for later

  16. Immune System • Passive Immunity: • Temp. protection • Antibodies from others • Ex. breast milk, blood • Active Immunity: • Through AMR • OR through vaccination • Deliberately expose body to dead pathogens

  17. Primary versus Secondary Response • Draw graph: • Vaccinations effective due to secondary immune response • More rapid response (steeper curve) • Greater response (larger hill)

  18. Using this information • Edit your story / skit using what you have learned about neutrophils • Chemotaxis: “recruitment” • Phagocytosis: “the fight” • Apoptosis: “sacrifice” • We will present tomorrow • Use immunity packet; will be collected at end of period

  19. Work/Reading Time • Read Section 39.2 • Section 39.2 #1-5 • Chapter 39 Review #8, 12, 13, 17-19

  20. Homework Due • Immune System Packet

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