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Taurine in Energy Drinks

Taurine in Energy Drinks. Allison Blonski CHEM 4101: Modern Instrumental Methods of Analysis December 9, 2011. What is Taurine?. Sulfonic acid, often considered a free amino acid 1 Obtained in diet through meat consumption Important for muscle functioning

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Taurine in Energy Drinks

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  1. Taurine in Energy Drinks Allison Blonski CHEM 4101: Modern Instrumental Methods of Analysis December 9, 2011

  2. What is Taurine? • Sulfonic acid, often considered a free amino acid1 • Obtained in diet through meat consumption • Important for muscle functioning • Interacts with caffeine, distressing cardiac output Exact Mass = 125.01466 Da2

  3. Energy Drinks and Taurine • Taurine added to energy drinks to boost energy, concentration, memory, and physical performance • Effective dosages of taurine range from 2,000 to 6,000 mg1 • Potential health risks arise from interactions with other compounds, including caffeine • Energy drinks containing both caffeine and taurine have been connected to athlete deaths in Europe1

  4. Central Problem • How much taurine is found in a serving of energy drinks? • Does this amount of taurine provide any benefits? • Does this amount of taurine cause any health issues? The taurine content in a typical energy is below the effective dosage required for any benefits, but high enough to interact with caffeine, making taurine-containing drinks more dangerous than those without taurine. Hypothesis

  5. Separation Techniques

  6. Detection Methods

  7. Procedure

  8. Reverse Phase HPLC - Fluorescence • Separation based on polarity of compounds • Detection based on compound excitation and wavelength emission • Compatible methods of separation and detection • Relatively low cost • Suitable selectivity and sensitivity for the matrix 6

  9. Instrumentation BondcloneμBondapak C18 column WAT0273247 • 300 mm x 3.9 mm • Stationary phase = C18 chain silica (10 μm diameter) • Mobile phase = 4:24:72 (THF: acetonitrile: phosphate buffer), pH = 9 • 1100 psi at 1 mL/min 8 Hitachi HTA HPLC Detector - L-2485 Fluorescence9 • S/N > 900 • Excitation wavelength = 200 -850 nm • Emission wavelength = 250 – 900 nm • Band width = 15 nm • Accuracy within 3 nm • Limit of detection (LOD) = 0.015 ng/mL • Limit of quantification (LOQ) = 0.0625 ng/mL

  10. Possible Results 9 • Calibration curve would be created via standard addition • Standard taurine can be purchased through Abblis Scientific10 • Addition of standard taurine to energy drinks without taurine will serve as a positive control

  11. Conclusions • Reverse phase HPLC with detection using fluorescence will provide a suitable quantification of the taurine found in energy drinks. • Further clinical research should be done to examine the effects of taurine, caffeine, and the combination of the two on the human body.

  12. References • Clauson, K.A.; Shields, K.M.; McQueen, C.E.; Persad, N. Safety issues associated with commercially available energy drinks. J. Amer. Pharm. Assoc.[Online] 2008,48, e55-e67. http://www.pharmacytoday.org/ pdf/2008/May_CE_exam.pdf (accessed Sept 20, 2011). • Chen, Z.; Chen, B.; Yao, S. High-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-massspectrometry for simultaneous determination of taurine and10 water-soluble vitamins in multivitamin tablets. A. Chem. Acta.[Online] 2006,569, 169-175. http://hgxy.hunnu.edu.cn/UploadFile/20061116102343585.pdf (accessed Oct 26, 2011). • McMahon, G.P.; O'Kennedy, R.; Kelly, M.T. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of taurine in human plasma using pre-column extraction and derivatization. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal.[Online] 1996,14, 1287-1294. http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezp1.lib.umn.edu/science? _ob=MiamiImageURL&_cid=271442&_user=616288&_pii=073170859501697X&_check=y&_origin=&_coverDate=30-Jun-1996&view=c&wchp=dGLzVBA-zSkzk&md5=ada4407c4aeec0327c7acd073b2c28f8/1-s2.0-073170859501697X-main.pdf(accessed Nov 3, 2011). • Sawabe, Y.; Tagami, T.; Yamasaki, K. Determination of Taurine in Energy Drinks by HPLC Using a Pre-Column Derivative. J. Health Sci.[Online] 2008,54, 661-664. http://jhs.pharm.or.jp/data/54%286%29/54_661.pdf (accessed Sept 29, 2011). • Eidelman, O.; Zangvill, M.; Razin, M.; Ginsburg, H.; Cabantchik, Z.I. The anion-transfer system of erythrocyte membranes. Biochem. J.[Online] 1981,195, 503-513. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1162915/pdf/biochemj00401-0160.pdf(accessed Oct 18, 2011). • http://www.comsol.com/shared/images/stories/waters_corp_hplc_systems/html/figure2.jpg (accessed Dec 6, 2011) • Bondclone. http://www.brechbuehler.ch/fileadmin/redacteur/pdf/columns-sampleprep/lc-columns/zhbdc.pdf (accessed Nov 10, 2011). • http://images-mediawiki-sites.thefullwiki.org/09/2/3/8/3464321300074060.jpg (accessed Dec 6, 2011). • HPLC Detector – L-2485 Fluorescence - Hitachi HTA. http://www.hitachi-hta.com/products/life-sciences-chemical-analysis/liquid-chromatography/hplc-detector-l-2485-fluorescence (accessed Dec 6, 2011). • CAS Number: 107-35-7: 2-Aminoethanesulfonic acid. http://www.abblis.com/product_AB1002120.html?&referrer=chemexper (accessed Oct 25, 2011).

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