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NAT REVIEW 2011

NAT REVIEW 2011. Parts of the Cell. What are the main parts?. Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus. CELL MEMBRANE holds the cell together CYTOPLASM fill most of the cell NUCLEUS governing body. What are the parts unique to each cell?. ANIMAL CELL Centrioles for cell division

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NAT REVIEW 2011

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  1. NAT REVIEW2011

  2. Parts of the Cell

  3. What are the main parts? • Cell Membrane • Cytoplasm • Nucleus CELL MEMBRANE • holds the cell together CYTOPLASM • fill most of the cell NUCLEUS • governing body

  4. What are the parts unique to each cell? ANIMAL CELL • Centrioles for cell division • Lysosomes “suicidal sac” PLANT CELL • Cell Wall • Plastids chemical factories • Chloroplast for photosynthesis

  5. CELL TRANSPORT

  6. How Are Diffusion and Osmosis Alike? • Both involve movement of molecules from higher to lower concentration • These processes are like rolling a ball downhill because energy is not required.

  7. Diffusion Movement of molecules in a liquid, gas or a solid A membrane may or may not be involved Osmosis Movement of water molecules A membrane is involved How is Diffusion Different from Osmosis?

  8. Osmosis: Blood Cells

  9. Endocytosisand Exocytosis

  10. PHOTOSYNTHESIS What are the raw materials and product?

  11. CELL RESPIRATION

  12. Keep in Mind 1 NADH = 3 ATP 1 FADH2 = 2 ATP

  13. CELL DIVISION MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS

  14. Cell Cycle

  15. MITOSIS Division of Somatic Cells

  16. MEIOSIS • Division of Sex Cells or Gametes • Produces haploid number of chromosomes • 2 Stages: Meiosis I Meiosis II

  17. Terms to remember: • Tetrad – a structure containing 4 chromatids that forms during meiosis. • Homologous chromosome – term used to refer to chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite sex-parent.

  18. Chiasma – chiasmata (pl) site of crossing-over • Crossing-over – exchange of genes between pairs of homologous chromosomes

  19. Organ System

  20. Skeletal System • Major Organs:Bones, cartilage, tendons and ligaments

  21. Muscular System • Major Organs:Skeletal muscles and smooth muscles throughout the body.

  22. Circulatory System • Major Organs:Heart, blood vessels and blood

  23. Nervous System • Major Organs:Brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves

  24. Respiratory System • Major Organs:Nose, trachea and lungs

  25. Digestive System • Major Organs:Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines.

  26. Excretory System • Major Organs:Kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra.

  27. Female and Male Reproductive System

  28. ECOSYSTEM

  29. COMPONENTS OF THE ECOSYSTEM • BIOTIC • ABIOTIC

  30. Interactions in the Ecosystem • Abiotic – Abiotic • Abiotic – Biotic • Biotic - Biotic

  31. ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS

  32. Cooperation • Competition • Predation SYMBIOSIS • Mutualism • Parasitism • Commensalism

  33. ENERGY FLOW FOOD CHAIN AND FOOD WEB

  34. GENETICS MONOHYBRID CROSS,DIHYBRID CROSS

  35. EVOLUTION DARWIN AND LAMARCK THEORY

  36. The end

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