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Introduction

Introduction . Operational and Regulatory Challenges ↔ Design Challenges Examples: Cargo Residues Excessive Loading Rates IMSBC Code. MARPOL Annex V (Garbage) and Cargo Residues. Definitions Cargo Residue is defined as garbage in guidelines

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Introduction

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Introduction Operational and Regulatory Challenges ↔ Design Challenges Examples: • Cargo Residues • Excessive Loading Rates • IMSBC Code

  2. MARPOL Annex V (Garbage) and Cargo Residues Definitions • Cargo Residue is defined as garbage in guidelines • Cargo hold washing water not defined – although interpreted as garbage Requirements • Must be discharged when greater than 12 nm from shore • Cannot be discharged in a special area Special Areas a Problem • Bulk carriers generally not design to handle washing water • Adequate port reception facilities for washing water

  3. MARPOL Annex V (Garbage) and Cargo Residues Recent special areas • Gulfs Area became effective in August 2008 • Mediterranean Area became effective May 2009 Reception Facilities in Special Areas (Gulf and Med) • PRF must be in place before special area becomes effective • MEPC 59 Intercargo and BIMCO paper • Circular issued (MEPC.1/Circ. 675) Next steps • Continuation of review of Annex V • Possible IMSBC Code reference to discharge requirements?

  4. Design Issues Handling hold washing water • Can be problematic • Holding tanks • Pumps – large particles • Cargo properties • Coatings (PSPC?) • Ballast water management systems • Hold cleaning systems • Possible treatment systems

  5. Design Issues Images courtesy of EMS Ship Supply

  6. Design Issues Courtesy of EMS Ship Supply

  7. Bulk Carrier Loading Rates • Terminal requirements • Buoyant market → queuing → optimising loading • Ponta da Madeira - Brazil • 16 000 t/hr • Minimum ballast • 14 hr turnaround

  8. Intercargo Survey Key Findings: • 85% of masters indicated that they considered such a rate of loading to be beyond the safe operational limits of their vessel: • Manoeuvrability • Hull structure • Two thirds of respondents stated they had concerns with regard to structural stresses if loading at such a rate.

  9. Validation of Masters Views • Manoeuvrability Study – BMT SeaTech • Concurred with Masters opinion • ABS study • Confirmed many risks • Submission of paper to IMO MSC 84 (MSC 84/INF.8) • Referred to DSC 13 • Considered by Correspondence Group reviewing BLU Code • Reports to DSC 14 next week

  10. Outcome of Correspondence Group • Reports to DSC 14 (DSC 14/7) • Proposes an MSC Circular providing guidance: • Time taken for loading • Arrival Condition • Loading sequence • During loading • Consequences of failure to apply BLU Code • IACS Recommendation 46

  11. Design Issues De-ballasting capacity Typically two 2000-2500 M3/hr pumps (4000-5000 M3/hr total) • Should this be increased? • Pump size • Power requirements • Piping systems (water and air) • BWM treatment systems

  12. Information • IACS UR S1A • Sample sequences often not realistic • Information provision should be reviewed

  13. IMSBC Code (formally BC Code) • Revised and updated • Voluntary from Jan 2009 • Mandatory from Jan 2011 • New Schedules • DRI • Sulphur (formed) • DSC 14 (next week) • Coal and ‘hot areas’ • DRI… • Survey and certification

  14. Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) What is it? • Iron Ore Pellets subjected to a reducing gas in a reactor • Oxygen chemically removed • Fe content increased from ~65% to ~85% • Pellets then formed – cold or hot moulded What are the dangers? • Process is reversible – Fe re-oxidises • Oxidisation releases energy as heat – possible thermal runaway • Hydrogen also liberated

  15. Picture courtesy of Burgoynes

  16. Picture courtesy of Burgoynes

  17. Picture courtesy of Burgoynes

  18. IMSBC Code: Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) • DRI (A) Briquettes, hot moulded • Monitoring requirements • DRI (B) Lumps, pellets, cold-moulded briquettes • Moisture <0.3% • Hold must be inerted • Monitoring requirements • DRI (C) By products • Moisture <0.3% • Hold must be inerted • Monitoring requirements

  19. Picture courtesy of Burgoynes

  20. Picture courtesy of Burgoynes

  21. Picture courtesy of Burgoynes

  22. Picture courtesy of Burgoynes

  23. Picture courtesy of Burgoynes

  24. Design Issues • DRI an extreme example • Are bulk carrier designed to carry DRI? • Do we design bulk carriers around cargoes…? • Are we ready for a mandatory IMSBC Code?

  25. Conclusions Operational and Regulatory Challenges ↔ Design Challenges Design and regulatory (& rule) development needs to consider: • Operational environment – loading rates example • Cargo properties – DRI example • Feedback from designers – MARPOL Annex V example Co-operation of all parties ↓ Ships that are safe and fit for purpose

  26. Thank you

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