Plagiarism and Paraphrasing

1. Plagiarism and Paraphrasing Mayfield English II Research Paper

2. Plagiarism: Latin for “Kidnapping!” • Intentional, dishonest • Copying, buying, downloading someone else’s paper • Cutting and pasting without using quotation marks • Unintentional, often results from lack of skill • Distinguishing types of knowledge • Paraphrasing and summarizing • Incorporating quotations into one’s own sentences • Note-taking procedures

3. Give credit whenever you use… • another person's idea, opinion, or theory. • any facts, statistics, graphs, drawings-any pieces of information-that are not common knowledge. • quotations of another person's actual spoken or written words. • paraphrases of another person's spoken or written words.

4. When do I need to cite? • Whenever you borrow words or ideas, you need to acknowledge their source. The following situations almost always require citation: • whenever you use quotes • whenever you paraphrase • whenever you use an idea that someone else has already expressed • whenever you make specific reference to the work of another • whenever someone else's work has been critical in developing your own ideas.

5. Plagiarism • It’s not just copying and pasting. • If you copy a paragraph and simply replace some of the words, it is still plagiarism. • You need to paraphrase and cite! • The ramifications are SEVERE.

6. Summarizing • What is Summarizing? • Putting another’s main ideas into your own words • Cuts a selection down to about one-third of its original length • Shortens passage without sacrificing basic meaning (a condensed version) • Must be attributed to original source • CITED!

7. Paraphrasing = Good • What is Paraphrasing? • Putting another’s ideas into your own words using your own sentence structure • Does not shorten passage much, if at all • Must be attributed to original source • CITED!

8. How to Paraphrase • Change key words • Change structure of sentence • Change structure of paragraph • Use quotation marks for key words or phrases that you can’t put in your own words. • Try to paraphrase without looking at the original text • Or, just use a few key words to remind you of your writing subject

9. 6 Steps to Effective Paraphrasing • Reread the original passage until you understand its full meaning. • Set the original aside, and write your paraphrase on a note card. • Jot down a few words below your paraphrase to remind you later how you envision using this material. At the top of the note card, write a key word or phrase to indicate the subject of your paraphrase.

10. 6 Steps to Effective Paraphrasing • Check your paraphrase with the original to make sure that your version accurately expresses all the essential information in a new form. • Use quotation marks to identify any unique term or phraseology you have borrowed exactly from the source. • Record the source (including the page) on your source notes so that you can credit it easily if you decide to incorporate the material into your paper.

11. Direct Quotes • In addition to summarizing and paraphrasing the information you find, you want to have direct quotes, too. • This is when you copy word for word from the source and put quotation marks around it with the citation. • Use direct quotes when the quotes carry deep meaning (i.e.: it’s so eloquent, you don’t want to reword it) or for statistics, etc.

12. All Three! • You need to have at least 1 summary, 1 paraphrase, and 1 direct quote from each of your sources in your source notes (I would do as much as possible so you aren’t left with a lack of info!!). • In your paper, you must utilize all three of these in a balanced manner (not just relying on quotes, etc). • REGARDLESS OF WHICH, YOU MUST ALWAYS CITE. THEY ARE NOT YOUR IDEAS/WORDS.

13. Source Notes • Put your source info (quotes, summaries, paraphrases) in the second column of your source notes

14. Source Notes • Analyze the information you find in the third column. This will help you figure out how to use what you found. This is your own words.

15. Source Notes • The first column is for organizing the information you found. We will worry about this when you do your outline.

16. Taking Notes • When you put your info in your source notes pages, you need to make sure that you get the actual source info you need for the citation. • Write the source down on the bottom of the source page. EVERYTIME YOU SWITCH SOURCES, SWITCH PAGES so that all of your info is organized and you don’t confuse where you got what.

17. Taking Notes • The sources you write down need to be in MLA format. If they aren’t, you could be missing crucial information for the citation. Do it when you have the source in your hand. • For the database journals, Mrs. Ebert will show you a cool way of emailing the citation to yourself.

18. Works Cited • When you make your Works Cited page (that goes at the end of your paper), you will put these sources in a list (alphabetized). • This just shows all of the sources you used for your paper in one spot.