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The Submicroscopic World

The Submicroscopic World. Chapter 16.2. What we know so far…. Matter is made of atoms. Atoms are submicroscopic. Matter exists in phases. Solid. Liquid. Gas. In the SOLID phase. Particles are attracted to one another Held together in a tightly packed and fixed 3-d arrangement.

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The Submicroscopic World

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  1. The Submicroscopic World Chapter 16.2

  2. What we know so far… • Matter is made of atoms

  3. Atoms are submicroscopic

  4. Matter exists in phases • Solid

  5. Liquid

  6. Gas

  7. In the SOLID phase • Particles are attracted to one another • Held together in a tightly packed and fixed 3-d arrangement

  8. Microscopic View of a Solid • The atoms vibrate but stay close to one another • Solids maintain their shape and volume • Not easily compressible

  9. Intereactive 3-D Diamond Molecule

  10. Snowflake Ice Interactive Ice Molecule

  11. In the LIQUID phase • Particles can move and slide across one another • Can assume the shape of their container

  12. Microscopic View of a Liquid • The atoms vibrate and particles can flow easily past one another • Liquids assume the shape of their container

  13. Liquids • Particles in liquids flow easily across one another

  14. Liquids – take the shape of their containers

  15. In the GASEOUS PHASE • The atoms are moving rapidly, and easily across one another. • Lots of free space between the particles • They assume the shape of their container.

  16. Microscopic View of a Gas • The atoms are moving rapidly, and easily across one another. • Lots of free space between the particles • Compressible

  17. Gases • Conform to the shape of their containers • Easily compressed

  18. Gases • Particles easily flow and move over one another

  19. Let’s Review YouTube - States of Matter

  20. Change of Phase Phase Changes Chapter 16.3

  21. Substances can change phases Removeheat Addheat

  22. Substances can change phases Evaporation Condensation Freezing Melting

  23. Substances can change phases GAS Sublimation SOLID

  24. Changing Phases

  25. Water Cycle – Hydrologic Cycle

  26. Boiling on the atomic level CLICK The Beaker

  27. Boiling Point CLICK The Beaker

  28. Heat of Vaporization • The amount of energy required to change a liquid to a gas (and vice versa). • 2256J/g

  29. Heat of Fusion • The amount of energy needed to change any substance from solid to liquid ( and vice versa) • Water = 334J/g

  30. Physical and Chemical Properties Chapter 16.4

  31. Physical Properties • Describe the look or feel of a substance Color Hardness Density Texture Phase

  32. Every substance has its own set of physical properties

  33. Physical Properties CAN Change • Gas • Solid • However…… • The substance’s identity remains the same • Liquid

  34. Chemical Properties • Characterize the ability of a substance to react with other substances, or to transform from one substance to another.

  35. How Substances React or Transform

  36. Chemical Changes • Change how atoms are Chemically bonded to one another.

  37. When we cook with gas……..

  38. Take another look CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O Chemical Reaction

  39. During a chemical reaction… • Changes are made in the way atoms bond together • New materials are formed CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O

  40. The Periodic Table Chapter 16.6

  41. Remember….. • Periodic table is a listing of all the known elements • Atomic number • Symbol • Atomic Mass 2 He 4.003

  42. The way the table is organized tells a lot about the elements’ properties

  43. Metals are on the left side of the periodic table

  44. Most of the known elements are metals • Malleable • Can be hammered and bent into different shapes without breaking

  45. Most of the known elements are metals • Ductile • Can be drawn into thin wires

  46. Most of the known elements are metals • Good Conductors • Heat • Electricity • Most solid at room temperature

  47. Non-metals are on the right side of the periodic table

  48. Non-Metals • Poor conductors • Not malleable • Not ductile • Can be solid, liquid or gas at room temperature • Shatter when hammered • Brittle

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