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Perception

Perception. Perception. Allows us to make sense of sensory input MEANINGFUL and USEFUL INTERPRETATIONS. Selective Attention. The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus Cocktail party effect

jessamine-tillman
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Perception

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  1. Perception

  2. Perception • Allows us to make sense of sensory input MEANINGFUL and USEFUL INTERPRETATIONS

  3. Selective Attention • The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus • Cocktail party effect • You can only focus on a certain amount of stimulus at once… advantages and dangers of multitasking

  4. How many passes does the team in white make?

  5. Inattentional Blindness • Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere • Moonwalking bear • Change blindness • Change deafness

  6. Gestalt Psychology • Emphasizes our tendency to integrate piece of information into meaningful wholes. • when people are exposed to a cluster of sensations, they automatically try to organize them into a whole

  7. Form Reception • Figure-ground relationship - the organization of the visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from their surroundings (ground) • Whatever you are paying attention to (visual, auditory, touch stimulus) becomes the figure, and everything else is the background

  8. Grouping • The tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups to construct meaning • Proximity • Similarity • Continuity • Closure • Connectedness

  9. Grouping • Grouping helps us construct meaning but also can make us victims of perceptual illusions.

  10. Binocular Cues • Depth cues that rely on the use of both eyes

  11. Retinal Disparity • The brain compares the images from the two eyeballs and computes the difference • the greater the disparity between images, the closer the object.

  12. Convergence • The extent to which the eyes converge inward when looking at an object • the greater the strain, the closer the object. • Hold your finger at arms length from your eyes and bring it towards your face slowly… the strain is the lens curving while trying to determine depth.

  13. Depth Perception • Seeing objects in three dimensions; allows us to judge distance • Is depth perception innate? • Visual cliff– a lab device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals • Found that babies who can crawl have a somewhat developed sense of depth perception and newborn animals were also reluctant to go over the cliff.

  14. Monocular Depth Cues • Cues that can be used by a single eye to judge distances and perceive depth.

  15. Light and Shadow • The perception of depth due to shadows

  16. Interposition • Overlapping of images causes objects we see in entirety to be judged closer than one whose outline is interrupted by another object.

  17. Texture Gradient • The further away an object is, the less detail it has

  18. Linear Perspective • Perception that parallel lines converge at a distance

  19. Relative Motion • Near objects appear to move opposite your direction, far objects move with you

  20. Relative Height • Items higher in the visual field appear to be farther away

  21. 3D Chalk Art • Photos • Video

  22. Perceptual Constancy • the ability to perceive objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal images change (we can identify things even if their color, illumination, or angle change) • Shape constancy • Size constancy • Lightness constancy

  23. Perceptual Adaptation • In vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field • When people are given glasses that distort the world, they are initially disoriented, but soon adapt to the new context and can navigate it with ease. We coordinate our movements in response to our environment (or perceived environment)

  24. Mary had a a little lamb

  25. Perceptual Set • A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another. • Experiences, expectations, and assumption result in the formation of concepts/schemas organize and interpret information which then dictate what we perceive • We see what we believe/want/think we see.

  26. Subliminal Senses • subliminal - below one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness • priming - the activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing one's perception, memory, or response. While we can sense subliminal stimuli, this information does not have the power to persuade us to act overtly in certain ways. Psychological Priming - Money

  27. Synesthesia • Simultaneous stimulation of multiple sensory experiences (i.e. Seeing Sounds, Blue smells etc.) • Affects 1 in 25,000 people

  28. Extrasensory Perception • Extrasensory perception (ESP) – the controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input; said to include telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition • Parapsychology – the study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP and psychokinesis • Psychokinesis – mind over matter: levitating, controlling things with the mind • ESP • Telepathy – mind to mind communication • Clairvoyance – perceiving remote events • Precognition – perceiving future events • Parapsychology cannot gain scientific credit because it cannot reproduce its results.

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