Section 3 The Protestant Reformation

1. Section 3The Protestant Reformation

2. Daily Objectives • Discuss the major goal of humanism in northern Europe, which was to reform Christendom. • Explain how Martin Luther’s religious reforms led to the emergence of Protestantism.

3. I. Erasmus & Christian Humanism • Protestant Reformation, reform movement that divided the Church into Catholic & Protestant groups • Martin Luther, German monk who began the Reformation movement in the 16th century

4. Martin Luther

5. Erasmus & Christian Humanism • Christian humanism was a movement to reform theCatholic Church • Read the classics, esp. the basic works of Christianity • *The best known of all the Christian humanists was Desiderius Erasmus

6. Desiderius Erasmus

7. Erasmus & Christian Humanism • Erasmus humorously criticized aspects of the Catholic Church in his book The Praise of Folly • Sought reform within the Catholic Church

8. II. Religion on the Eve of the Reformation • Catholic Church was corrupt • Popes - failed to meet the Church’s spiritual needs • *Salvation, acceptance into Heaven • *Indulgence – release from all or part of the punishment for sin

9. III. Martin Luther • *Luther came to believe that humans are not saved through good works but through their faith in God • *Luther’s ideas “justification by faith” became the chief teachings of the Protestant Reformation

10. The Ninety-five Theses • The Ninety-five Theses was a list of complaints against the Catholic Church • *Luther was most upset by the widespread selling of indulgences • *Ninety-five Theses were a stunning attack on abuses in the sale of indulgences

11. Martin Luther nails his Ninety-five Theses to the door of the Wittenberg Church in Germany.

12. *The printing press allows for Luther’s ideas to quickly spread.

13. The Ninety-five Theses • Luther keeps only two of the seven sacraments, baptism & communion

14. the Bible the policy of selling indulgences excommunicated Martin Luther

15. Edict of Worms

16. B. A Break with the Church • *Edict of Worms made Martin Luther an outlaw within the Holy Roman Empire

17. B. A Break with the Church • Fredrick of Saxony protects Luther and sends him into hiding

18. C. The Rise of Lutheranism • Religious service replace Catholic mass • Bible readings, preaching & songs • *Lutheranism was the first Protestant faith

19. IV. Politics in the German Reformation • Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor • Bohemia, Hungary • *The Peace of Augsburg formally accepted the division of Christianity in Germany • Germany Princes can now choose either Catholic or Lutheran

22. The Peace of Augsburg

23. Section 4The Spread of Protestantism & the Catholic Response

24. Daily Objectives • Summarize the different forms of Protestantism that emerged in Europe as the Reformation spread. • Summarize the religious rebirth of the Catholic Church.

25. The Zwinglian Reformation • Ulrich Zwingli a priest who led a Protestant reform movement in Zurich Switzerland • Introduced religious reforms, relics and images were abolished

26. The Zwinglian Reformation • New church services, reading, prayer and sermons • Zwingli, Later killed by his enemies

27. II. Calvin & Calvinism • John Calvin, in 1536, published the Institutions of the Christian Religion • Stood very close to Luther on most doctrine • *Predestination, God had determined in advance who would be saved and who would be damned

28. John Calvin • Protestant who fled France to Switzerland http://encarta.msn.com/find/MediaMax.

29. II. Calvin & Calvinism • In 1536, Calvin began working to reform the City of Geneva Switzerland • The Consistory, a special body for enforcing moral discipline was set up to punish people for varies “crimes” like dancing, singing obscene songs, drunkenness, swearing and playing cards

30. III. The Reformation in England • King Henry VIII, king of England • Needed a male heir • *Annul, declare invalid • Act of Supremacy, declared that the king was the supreme head of the Church of England

31. Henry VIIIHolbein http://www.kfki.hu/~arthp/search.cgi?author=HOLBEIN

32. III. The Reformation in England • Thomas More, Christian humanist and devout Catholic who opposed the king’s actions and was beheaded

33. III. The Reformation in England • Henry used his new powers to dissolve the monasteries and sell their land and possessions • The Church of England, is also known as the Anglican Church • Children – Edward VI, Mary, Elizabeth

35. Catherine of Aragonhas one daughter Mary She was the youngest surviving child of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile. http://home.hiwaay.net/~crispen/tudor/6wives/katherineofaragonportrait

36. Anne Boleynbeheaded http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Forum/9194/h8/twomain.html

37. Jane Seymourdied after childbirthmother of Edward http://www.kfki.hu/~arthp/search.cgi?author=HOLBEIN%2C+Hans+the+Younger

38. Anne ofCleves http://home.hiwaay.net/~crispen/tudor/6wives/anneofclevesportrait

39. Katherine Howard http://home.hiwaay.net/~crispen/tudor/6wives/katherinehowardportrait.

40. Katherine Parr

41. Edward VIdied at 16 1547 Edward becomes king-Protestants gain power http://www.royal.gov.uk./history/tudor.htm

42. 1553 Mary (Bloody Mary), a Catholic becomes Queen-tries to force return to Catholicism http://www.royal.gov.uk./history/tudor.htm

43. IV. The Anabaptists • *The Anabaptists were regarded as dangerous radicals who threatened the very fabric of 16th century society • Belief in adult baptism, chose its own minister, separation of church and state, refused to hold public office or bear arms

44. Today’s Amish and Menonites http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~doron/amish.jpg

45. 4 Church of England Lutheran, Calvinist, and Anabaptist

48. V. Effects of the Role of Women • * Overall, the Protestant Reformation did not change women’s subordinate place in society

49. VI. The Catholic Reformation • 1. The Jesuits, 2. reform of the papacy, and 3. the Council of Trent • 1. *The Society of Jesus, known as the Jesuits, was founded by a Spanish noblemen, Ignatius of Loyola