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The French Revolution "Liberal" Phase: 1789-1791

The French Revolution "Liberal" Phase: 1789-1791. It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity… -- Charles Dickens A Tale of Two Cities.

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The French Revolution "Liberal" Phase: 1789-1791

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  1. The French Revolution "Liberal" Phase: 1789-1791

  2. It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity… -- Charles Dickens A Tale of Two Cities

  3. The French Monarchy:1775 - 1793 Marie Antoinette & Louis XVI

  4. Marie Antoinette and the Royal Children

  5. The Necklace Scandal 1,600,000 livres[$100 million today] • Cardinal Louis René Édouard de Rohan • The Countess de LaMotte

  6. Let Them Eat Cake! • Marie Antoinette NEVER said that! • “Madame Deficit” • “The Austrian Whore”

  7. Socio-Economic Data, 1789

  8. The French Urban Poor

  9. Financial Problemsin France, 1789 • Urban Commoner’sBudget: • Food 80% • Rent 25% • Tithe 10% • Taxes 35% • Clothing 20% • TOTAL 170% • King’s Budget: • Interest 50% • Army 25% • Versailles 25% • Coronation 10% • Loans 25% • Admin. 25% • TOTAL 160%

  10. French Budget, 1774

  11. Where is the tax money?

  12. Convening the Estates General May, 1789 Last time it was called into session was 1614!

  13. The Suggested Voting Pattern:Voting by Estates Clergy 1st Estate 1 Aristocracy 2nd Estate 1 1 Commoners 3rd Estate

  14. The Number of Representativesin the Estates General: Vote by Head! Clergy 1st Estate 300 Aristocracy 2nd Estate 300 648 Commoners 3rd Estate

  15. Three groups Bourgeoisie: artisans, merchants. High income but high taxes. Educated in Enlightenment ideas Urban workers: poor, often unemployed, often hungry Peasants: half of their income was paid to nobles, paid tithes, paid taxes to King. Third Estate

  16. Europe on the Eve of theFrench Revolution

  17. “The Third Estate Awakens”

  18. “The Tennis Court Oath”by Jacques Louis David June 20, 1789

  19. Lettres de Cachet • The French king could warrantimprisonment or death in asigned letter under his seal. • A carte-blanche warrant. • Cardinal Fleury issued 80,000during the reign of Louis XV! • Eliminated in 1790.

  20. Storming the Bastille,July 14, 1789

  21. The Great Fear:Peasant Revolt July 20, 1789

  22. March of the Women,October 5-6, 1789 We want the baker, the baker’s wife and the baker’s boy!

  23. National Constituent Assembly1789 - 1791 Liberté! Egalité! Fraternité! August DecreesAugust 4-11, 1789 (A renunciation of aristocratic privileges!) • Equality & Meritocracy

  24. The Tricolor (1789) The WHITE of the Bourbons + the RED & BLUE of Paris. Citizen!

  25. The Tricolor is the Fashion!

  26. The “Liberty Cap”: Bonne Rouge

  27. Revolutionary Playing Cards

  28. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen August 26, 1789

  29. Planting the Tree of Liberty 1790

  30. The Confiscation of Church Lands 1790

  31. The Civil Constitution of the Clergy July 12,1790 Juryingvs.Non-Jurying[refractory]Clergy

  32. Assignats • Issued by the National Constituent Assembly.

  33. Depreciation of the Assignat • They were backed by the sale of Church lands.

  34. Louis XVI “Accepts” the Constitution & the National Assembly. 1791

  35. The French Constitution of 1791: A Bourgeois Government • The king got the “suspensive” veto [which prevented the passage of laws for 4 years].* he could not pass laws.* his ministers were responsible for their own actions. • A permanent, elected, single chamber National Assembly.* had the power to grant taxation. • An independent judiciary. • “Active” Citizen [who pays taxes amounting to 3 days labor] vs. “Passive” Citizen. • A newly elected LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY.

  36. Olympe de Gouges (1745-1793) Declaration of the Rights of Womanand of the Citizen (1791)

  37. “Must” Reads:Important Books & Pamphlets of the French Revolution

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