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Understanding Fibrous Composites: Types, Properties, and Applications

This lecture by Prof. Yasser Gowayed delves into composite materials, focusing on fibrous composites and textile composites. It defines composite materials and discusses their types, including polymer, ceramic, and metal matrix composites. The lecture covers the structure of fibrous composites, their matrix and fiber components, and terminology for laminated composites. Additionally, it explores the rule of mixtures for density calculations and various manufacturing techniques. Applications in industries such as sports, transportation, and aerospace, including the International Space Station, are highlighted.

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Understanding Fibrous Composites: Types, Properties, and Applications

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  1. Knowledge based problems Fibrous composites Instructor: Prof. Yasser Gowayed Used with permission

  2. Lecture outline • Definition of composite materials • Types of composite materials • Fibrous composites • Textile composites

  3. Definition Composite materials are made by mixing two or more distinct materials, having a macroscopically recognizable interface

  4. Types of Composite Materials • Type of inclusion • spheres, rods, fibers, flakes • Type of material • - Polymer Matrix Composites (PMC) • - Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMC) • - Metal Matrix Composites (MMC)

  5. Fibrous Composites • Fibers: strong and flexible • Matrix: rigid and inert

  6. Fibrous Composites Laminated Composites Textile Composite (3D XYZ woven)

  7. Terminology – naming convention for laminated composites • Common industry practice to use angles to name layers: 0, 45, -45, 90 • Laminates with similar number of like orientations share similar properties • Naming convention: • (0/45/90/90/-45/-0) • (0/45/90)s

  8. Terminology – balance and symmetery Balanced laminate implies that for every + oriented layer there exists a - oriented layer of the same material (45,0,90,-45,0,90) balanced, un-symmetric (45,0,90,-45,90,0,45) unbalanced, symmetric (10,0,45,-45,-10,30,-30) balanced, un-symmetric (45,-45,0,90,0,-45,45) balanced, symmetric

  9. The rule of mixtures The density of any composite is the product of the density of its constituents relative to their volume fraction rc= Vf * rf + Vm* rm Vf + Vm = 1 rc = composite density rf = fiber density rm = matrix density Vf = volume fraction of fibers Vm = volume fraction of matrix

  10. Composite manufacturing – Compression molding Fiber/matrix layers

  11. Composite manufacturing - Vacuum bagging

  12. Composites in Sports

  13. Composites in Transportation

  14. Composites in Space

  15. International Space Station Altitude: 220 n.m. (nominal) Inclination: 51.6 degrees Dimension: 290 ft (L) x 356 ft (W) Weight:: 940,000 lb Pressurized Volume: 43,000ft3 Power: 110 kW (total); 45kW (users) Final Configuration 2004

  16. Enabling Propulsion Materials (EPM) CMC Combustor - Lifing & Sub-element Tests Textile CMC Turbine Engines NASA Glenn, Pratt &Whitney and GE

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