Sexually Transmitted Infections

1. Sexually Transmitted Infections Part 1

2. 8 Most Common STI’S • Genital Warts • HPV • Gonorrhea • Chlamydia • Hepatitis • Syphilis • Herpes • AIDS/HIV

3. Genital Warts • Type - Virus • Spread/Transferred – direct skin to skin contact with someone who is infected. Vaginal, oral or anal sex. It is possible to spread genital warts to your partner even if you have no signs of them. • Symptoms – looks like small or large bumps alone or in a cluster. Some can cause cervical cancer if left untreated • Females – No symptoms – don’t know you have it until it is too late. Small blisters • Males – No symptoms – don’t know you have it until it is too late. Small blisters • Protection – Condom (male or female) although this is not a guaranteed protection • Treatment – can get prescription medication or can be remove them with lasers, surgery, or by freezing them off.

4. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) • Spread/Transmitted: • HPV one of the most common STI’s in Canada and around the world. • Transmitted during vaginal, oral or anal sex or during intimate skin-to-skin contact with someone who is infected • 75 % of sexually active men and women will have at least one HPV infection in their lifetime • Symptoms/Risks of Transmission: • Many people do not have any visible symptoms! • In women: warts may appear on the vulva, cervix, thigh, anus, rectum or in the vagina or urethra • In men: they may appear on the penis, scrotum, thigh, anus, rectum or in the urethra. • Some types of HPV can lead to cancer and ano-genital warts • has been linked to other cancers such as vulvar, penile and anal cancer, but these links are still being investigated. • Protection: • Abstinence • Use a condom (*the areas of skin not covered by the condom are not protected!) • Reduce your number of sexual partners • Females: have a regular PAP test once you become sexually active • Treatment: • Vaccine, called Gardasil™ can help prevent up to 70% of the cancer causing HPV viruses • Approved for use in females ages 9 to 26 (3 doses over 6 months) • Studies are being done on men to see if the vaccine can help with male forms of HPV related cancers

5. The Stages of HPV Infection

6. HPV: How is the vaccine taken? Teen receiving HPV vaccine* Gardasil™ Vaccine *The cost of the vaccine is approximately $405 Canadian

7. Gonorrhea • Type - Bacteria • Spread/Transferred • Sexual contact, fluid transferred from one sexual organ to another (vaginal mucus or semen) • Symptoms • Females – painful urination, vaginal discharge • Males – painful urination, penile discharge, testicular and abdominal discomfort • Protection • use a condom (only form of protection) • have your partner tested • Treatment – Prescription Antibiotics

9. Chlamydia • Type - Parasite • Spread/Transferred – through sexual activity and contact • Symptoms • Females – lower back and abdominal pain, abnormal vaginal discharge, nausea, fever symptoms • If left untreated can cause infertility! • Males – yellowish penile discharge, swelling of the testicles, burning sensation during urination • Protection – Condom (male and female), get tested • Treatment – Antibiotics are available

10. Hepatitis B • Type – Virus • Spread/Transferred – exchange of body fluids during sexual activity, blood transfusion, sharing contaminated needles • Symptoms – 1 to 9 months after infected • Females – Dark urine, light color bowel movements, Jaundiced or yellow skin and eyes, tenderness in and around liver • 90% of babies born to mothers with Hep B will get the virus • Males - Dark urine, light color bowel movements, Jaundiced or yellow skin and eyes, tenderness in and around liver • Protection – Vaccination prior to being infected, Condom (male or female), don’t share needles, have partner tested • Treatment – • Hepatitis B immune globulin (anti-viral drug) to people who have had recent contact with infected body fluids (seven days or less) prevents virus from replicating • Immunization with a hepatitis B vaccine

11. Hepatitis A & B Vaccination

12. Syphilis • Type – Bacteria • Spread/Transferred – Most common means of transmission is through sexual contact, but can also be contracted in utero and by casual contact • Symptoms • Primary: (10-90 days after infection) • a sore or chancre develops at the infection site • Secondary: (1-6 months after the initial stage) • Rashlike skin lesions, fever, anorexia, enlarged lymph nodes, severe body aches • Bacteria is attacking the bones, muscles, and other body tissues • This is the period at which the disease is most infective • At these two stages, treatment with antibiotics is 95% effective • Tertiary syphilis: (1 year after infection, but can take as long as 10 years) • Development of gummas (soft tumor-like growth of tissues) in the liver, brain, heart, bone, testes, skin • Can have serious neurological or coronary complications • Often causes insanity • If left untreated, will lead to death • Effectiveness of treatment depends on the degree of tissue damage • Protection – Condom Male or female • Treatment - Penicillin

13. Syphilis

14. Genital Herpes • Type – Virus – two types • Can be in remission – most people don’t know they have it • Spread/Transferred – Sexual Activity – oral, vaginal, anal sex. • Symptoms - Can infect your partner if even if you don’t have the signs or symptoms • Femalesand Males - Itchiness of genitals Small blisters in the vagina or on the vulva or cervix; on or around the penis or testicles; on or around the anus; or on the thighs or buttocks Tender lumps on the groin (especially at the time of the first episode) Painful urination A slight tingling or burning may be a sign that an active outbreak is coming • Protection – Condom or Vaginal Barrier • Treatment - There is no cure for Herpes, but effective treatments for outbreaks do exist.

15. AIDS/HIV • Type – Virus (HIV) • Spread/Transferred – blood to open wound, tattoos/body-piercing, mother to infant (during delivery-mother & baby exchange blood, breast-feeding), organ transplant, through blood via sexual activity, sharing needles, blood transfusion • Symptoms • Females –fever, sweat outbreaks, chills, weight loss, unable to fight infection • Males - fever, sweat outbreaks, chills, weight loss, unable to fight infection • Protection – Condom (male or female) get tested, don’t share needles • Treatment – No treatment – medicine will help to prolong life and slow the virus down

16. What are your chances of getting AID’s/HIV during various sexual activities?

17. A global view of HIV infection 39.4 million people are living with HIV as of end 2004 Canada’s population is approx. 33.4 million, which means that between 3.35 & 16.7 million people are currently infected with the HIV virus. Africa’s population is approx. 992 million, which means that (very dark red) between 148.8 & 386.88 million people are currently infected with the HIV virus.

18. HIV/AID’s Medication —There is NO CURE! These pills are only meant to prolong or increase the quality of your life while you are still living! This man takes 47 pills a day for his HIV infection: this is the lunchtime dose

19. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease What is PID? • Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a general term that refers to infection of the uterus (womb), fallopian tubes (tubes that carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus) and other reproductive organs. • Can damage the fallopian tubes and tissues in and near the uterus and ovaries • Can cause: infertility, ectopic pregnancy (a pregnancy in the fallopian tube or elsewhere outside of the womb) • Type – Bacteria • Spread/Transferred – • bacteria move upward from a woman's vagina or cervix (opening to the uterus) into her reproductive organs • Many different organisms can cause PID, but many cases are associated with gonorrhea and chlamydia

20. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease continued… • Symptoms • chronic pelvic pain • When PID is caused by chlamydial infection, a woman may experience mild symptoms or no symptoms at all, while serious damage is being done to her reproductive organs • fever, unusual vaginal discharge that may have a foul odor, painful intercourse, painful urination, irregular menstrual bleeding, and pain in the right upper abdomen (rare). • Protection – • Abstinence • be in a long-term mutually monogamous relationship with a partner who has been tested and is known to be uninfected • Condom (male) • Get tested • Treatment – • PID can be cured with several types of antibiotics • ****Antibiotic treatment does not reverse any damage that has already occurred to the reproductive organs

21. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease If a pelvic infection occurs between the ovary and the uterus, the resulting inflammation and swelling (see tube on right) can totally block the passage, while pus building up outside the tube can cement it to other organs and spread the infection elsewhere in the abdomen.

22. Trichomoniasis • Type – parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis • Spread/Transferred – • The parasite is sexually transmitted through penis-to-vagina intercourse or vulva-to-vulva (the genital area outside the vagina) contact with an infected partner. • Women can acquire the disease from infected men or women, but men usually contract it only from infected women. • Symptoms • Men: Most men do not have signs or symptoms; however, some men may temporarily have an irritation inside the penis, mild discharge, or slight burning after urination or ejaculation. • Women: frothy, yellow-green vaginal discharge with a strong odor. The infection also may cause discomfort during intercourse and urination, as well as irritation and itching of the female genital area. In rare cases, lower abdominal pain can occur. Symptoms usually appear in women within 5 to 28 days of exposure. • genital inflammation which can increase a woman’s susceptibility to HIV infection if she is exposed to the virus

23. Trichomoniasis continued… • Protection – • Abstinence • be in a long-term mutually monogamous relationship with a partner who has been tested and is known to be uninfected • Condom (male only) • Treatment – • The parasite is harder to detect in men than in women. • In women, a pelvic examination can reveal small red ulcerations (sores) on the vaginal wall or cervix. • Usually cured with prescription drugs (metronidazole or tinidazole) • Both partners should be treated at the same time in order to prevent getting the parasite again

24. Trichomoniasis: The parasite latches onto the vaginal lining and forms tendril-like projections into the tissue. The parasite also secretes a series of proteins that destroy vaginal epithelial cells, which make up the surface of vaginal tissue.

25. Scabies • Type – parasitic mites called Sarcoptes scabei that live on and under your skin. • Spread/Transferred – • Skin to skin contact • Infected bed linens • Symptoms • Symptoms usually start within 3 to 6 weeks after being infected • An Unusual Rash • Itchy Pimples or Bumps • Open Wounds • Bleeding • Protection – • Abstinence • be in a long-term mutually monogamous relationship with a partner who has been tested and is known to be uninfected • Treatment – • Anti-scabies lotions (scabicides) • These can be bought over the counter to kill adult mites.

26. Scabies

27. Crabs AKA Public Lice • Type – Parasite • Spread/Transferred – • Pubic hair of one person to another • Infested clothing • Towels • Bedding • Symptoms • it's possible to be infested and have no symptoms • Itchiness (worsen at night when the lice become active and bury their heads inside pubic hair follicles to feed on a person's blood) • Pubic lice can live 1 to 2 days away from a human body

28. Crabs AKA Public Lice continued… • Protection – • Abstinence • be in a long-term mutually monogamous relationship with a partner who has been tested and is known to be uninfected • because condoms don't cover the area with pubic hair, they are not good protection against pubic lice • Treatment – • Products are available over-the-counter or by prescription, and typically come in the form of a shampoo. • Over-the-counter products contain Pyrethrin (1%) or Pymethrin (1%), while the active ingredient in prescription shampoos is generally Lindane (1%). • Wash your clothes and linens in hot water and dry them for at least 20 minutes, every day!

29. Crabs AKA Public Lice

30. STI Consequences • Discomfort and/or pain in genital area • Both female and male infertility • Ectopic pregnancy • Stillbirths • Infection passed to others (unborn fetus) • Cervical Cancer • The presence of another STI can increase the likelihood of HIV transmission • Death (AIDS, Hep B/C)

31. Resources Youth Wellness Center Fraser Hwy by the New Casino in Downtown Langley OpenWed 2 – 5 pm and Fri 1 – 4 pm • STI testing • Pregnancy testing • Counseling • Websites - see handout • STI Line – 1 800 661 4337