CGE 1 Linkers

1. CGE 1 Linkers In addition, In addition to In contrast, In contrast to For example, such as On the other hand, while

2. In addition, In addition to ‘In addition’ and ‘In addition to’ has the same meaning as ‘and’ (adding ideas) IDEA 1. In addition, IDEA 2. I like chips. In addition, I like chocolate. In addition to + IDEA 1, IDEA 2. In addition to chips, I like chocolate. Clauses - must have subjects and verbs Clause - must have subject and verb Noun/noun phrase (no verb)

3. In contrast, In contrast to ‘In contrast’ and ‘In contrast to’ has the same meaning as ‘but’ (opposite ideas) IDEA 1. In contrast, IDEA 2. I like chips. In contrast, I hate chocolate. In contrast to + IDEA 1, IDEA 2. In contrast to chips, I hate chocolate. Clauses - must have subjects and verbs Clause - must have subject and verb Noun/noun phrase (no verb)

4. For example, such as Both have the same meaning but:- For example + CLAUSE CLAUSE, such as + noun/noun phrase I like junk food. For example, I like chocolate and ice cream. I like junk food such as chocolate and ice cream. Clauses - must have subjects and verbs Noun/noun phrase (no verb)

5. On the other hand, while Both of these have the same meaning as ‘but’ (opposite ideas). They are used differently. IDEA 1. On the other hand, IDEA 2. I like chips. On the other hand, I hate chocolate. While + IDEA 1, IDEA 2. or IDEA 1 while IDEA 2. While I like chips, I hate chocolate. or I like chips while I hate chocolate. Clauses - must have subjects and verbs Clause - must have subject and verb Clause - must have subject and verb

6. Find the mistakes • I like coffee. In addition, I like tea. • While I like tigers, I hate lions. • I hate lions while I hate tigers. • I like many animals for example goats and cats. • In contrast to Amin, Ahmed does not go to university. • Hamda did well in the CGE. In addition, Sheila failed. • UAE has a lot of oil resources. In addition, New Zealand does not. • In addition to hiking in the forest, Mouza likes diving. • There are many things she likes about learning English. Such as reading and learning new vocabulary. • There are some great things about studying abroad. On the other hand, living in the hostel is fun.

7. Find the mistakes (Answers) • Correct • Correct • I hate lions while I like tigers. • I like many animals such as goats and cats. • Correct • Hamda did well in the CGE. In contrast, Sheila failed. • UAE has a lot of oil resources. In contrast, New Zealand does not. • Correct • There are many things she likes about learning English such as reading and learning new vocabulary. • There are some great things about studying abroad. For example, living in the hostel is fun.

8. CGE 2 Linkers Because, because of

9. because, because of because and because of shows reason. because IDEA 1because IDEA 2. I like chips because the flavour is great. because of IDEA 1, because of IDEA 2. or because of IDEA 1, IDEA 2 I like chips because of the flavour. Because of the flavour, I like chips. Clauses - must have subjects and verbs Clause - must have subject and verb Noun/noun phrase (no verb)